Overview
Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. is a plant species that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is known for its remarkable insecticidal properties, making it a popular choice among farmers and gardeners alike.
Origin
Derris elliptica is native to Southeast Asia, specifically in countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the tuba root, red barbasco, or Deguelia elliptica.
Uses
The roots of Derris elliptica contain compounds called rotenoids that have potent insecticidal properties. They are commonly used in organic farming as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Apart from its insecticidal properties, Derris elliptica is also used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses. For example, it is used to treat skin diseases, intestinal worms, and even snake bites.
General Appearance
Derris elliptica is a woody climbing plant that can grow up to 40 meters in length. Its leaves are compound and alternate, with each leaflet being oblong or elliptic in shape. The flowers are usually pink or purple in color and have a sweet fragrance. The fruit is a pod that is about 7-10 cm long and contains several seeds.
Light Requirements
Derris elliptica is a plant that thrives in a partially shaded environment. It requires enough sunlight to photosynthesize and grow, but it cannot tolerate direct sunlight exposure for extended periods.
Temperature Requirements
Derris elliptica is native to Southeast Asia and usually grows in tropical climates that are warm and humid. The plant can tolerate temperatures between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) and cannot survive in areas with frost or long periods of cold weather.
Soil Requirements
Derris elliptica thrives in loose, well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH range of 5.0 to 6.5. The plant prefers soils that are moist but not waterlogged, and it does not tolerate saline or alkaline soils.
Cultivation
Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid environments. It is commonly grown in gardens and as a houseplant, and it requires specific care to ensure healthy growth. For cultivation purposes, the plant requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It is recommended to plant Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth in an area with partial sun exposure, where it receives sunlight for at least a few hours each day.
Watering Needs
Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. needs moist, well-drained soil to survive. It is crucial to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Water the plant at its base, avoiding the leaves and flowers. During hot and dry weather, increase the frequency of watering, but do not let the soil completely dry out.
Fertilization
To encourage healthy growth and blooming, fertilize Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. once every two months with a balanced fertilizer. Use a fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer during the growing season, following the manufacturer's instructions. Over-fertilization can damage the plant, so it is essential not to exceed the recommended dosage.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to keep Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. in good condition. It is best to prune the plant during the dormant season, which is usually in winter. Remove dead or damaged branches, and trim the plant to maintain its desired shape and size. Be sure to use sharp pruning shears, and disinfect them before and after each use. If the plant becomes too large, it is advisable to repot it into a bigger container and trim the roots accordingly.
Propagation of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth.
Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. can be propagated through various methods such as seed propagation, cutting propagation, and grafting.Seed propagation
Propagation through seeds is one of the common methods to propagate Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Seeds can be collected from mature pods and sown immediately in well-draining soil mixtures. The seeds require warmth and moisture for germination. It is advisable to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged, during the germination period. Germination of seeds may take around 2-3 weeks and during this period, it is important to maintain adequate light and temperature for proper growth.Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation is another method used for propagating Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Cuttings of the desired length can be taken from mature plants during the active growing season, and the lower leaves should be removed. The cuttings should then be dipped in hormones before being planted in a rooting medium or outside in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be under protection with high humidity and temperature, and they will take around 4-6 weeks to establish roots.Grafting
Grafting is a common propagation method used in Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth., especially when creating new cultivars. In this process, the scion is taken from a desirable tree and grafted onto a rootstock of a closely related plant. Grafting allows for the production of a larger number of plants in a shorter period and is especially useful when a specific growth characteristic is desired. Grafted plants exhibit faster growth and higher yields than seedlings. In conclusion, Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. can be propagated through various methods, depending on the desired outcome. Seed propagation is easy and inexpensive, while cutting propagation offers quick and easy multiplication of desired varieties. Grafting is useful for developing new cultivars and hardier plants.Disease Management
Derris elliptica is prone to several diseases that can affect its growth and overall health. The common diseases that may occur in this plant are root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew.
Root Rot: The fungal disease thrives in moist soil, and it causes the roots to rot, ultimately affecting the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients. To prevent root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure proper drainage. Remove affected plants, debris, and soil, and use sterilized tools to avoid spreading the disease to healthy plants.
Leaf Spot: The fungal disease usually affects leaves, causing circular spots that appear water-soaked and then dry up. To control the spread of leaf spot, remove and destroy affected leaves, prune the affected areas, and avoid overhead watering. Use copper-based fungicides to control the disease's spread.
Powdery Mildew: The fungal disease appears as a white powdery substance on the plant's surfaces. Adequate airflow, reducing humidity, and avoiding overhead watering can prevent powdery mildew. Use sulfur-based fungicides to control mildew growth.
Pest Management
Several pests may infest Derris elliptica, causing significant damages to the plant. The common pests that may occur are scales and spider mites.
Scales: The pests are small, oval-shaped, and can vary in color. They feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves, and can lead to the plant's death. To control scales, remove and discard affected plant parts and use horticultural oils or insecticides. Ensure to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
Spider Mites: The pests thrive in hot and dry weather conditions, and they feed on the plant's sap. They appear as tiny dots on the plant's surfaces and produce webbing. Control spider mites by regularly misting the plant with water, providing adequate ventilation, and pruning affected plant parts. Use insecticides labeled to control spider mites.
Preventing pest infestations is also essential, including regularly inspecting the plants, preventing overcrowding, and promoting overall plant health through proper watering, fertilization, and adequate sunlight exposure.
