Plant Description
Derris brachyptera auct. is commonly known as the "long-rooted tuba" or "tuba-tuba" in the Philippines. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and is a woody vine that can grow up to 50 meters in length.
Origin
Derris brachyptera auct. is native to Southeast Asia, specifically in the Philippines. It is commonly found in lowland rainforests, forests along streams, and in primary and secondary forests.
Uses
The plant is known for its many medicinal properties and is commonly used in traditional medicine. Its roots contain rotenone, a compound that is known for its insecticidal properties and is used in the production of organic insecticides. Additionally, the roots are also used as a fish poison and to treat skin diseases, rheumatism, and constipation. The leaves and bark of the plant are also used for treating asthma and coughs.
General Appearance
The plant has dark green leaves that are compounded and have a length of about 10-15 cm. Its flowers are small, white, and are arranged in clusters. The fruits are elongated, woody, and can measure up to 25 cm in length. It has a strong and extensive root system that can grow up to several meters in length.
Light Requirements
Derris brachyptera is known to grow best in partial shade to full sunlight. It requires a minimum of four hours of direct sunlight per day to flourish. Lack of proper sunlight exposure may lead to stunted growth and poor flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Derris brachyptera is between 20°C and 30°C. This tropical plant can tolerate temperatures that occasionally drop below 15°C but prefers warm and humid conditions. The plant can die if exposed to prolonged periods of frost or extreme heat.
Soil Requirements
Derris brachyptera grows best in well-draining, fertile soil that is rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0) is preferred. The soil should also be moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogging can lead to root rot. The plant is fairly adaptable to different soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils.
Cultivation of Derris brachyptera
Derris brachyptera is a shrub that thrives in a warm and humid climate. It can be grown in a variety of soils, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. Choose a site with well-draining soil and partial to full sun exposure.
The shrub is propagated through seed sowing or stem cuttings. Plant seeds or cuttings in spring or summer. Germination may take up to two weeks. Water regularly to keep the soil moist during germination and establishment.
Watering Needs
Derris brachyptera needs moderate watering. Water the plant regularly during the growing season, especially during hot and dry weather. However, avoid overwatering as it may lead to root rot and other diseases. Before watering, check the soil moisture level by probing the soil with a stick. Water only when the soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
To encourage growth and flowering, fertilize Derris brachyptera with a balanced fertilizer. Apply fertilizer during the growing season, about once every four to six weeks. Use a slow-release fertilizer or liquid fertilizer diluted with water. Follow the instructions on the package for application rates.
Pruning
Derris brachyptera requires occasional pruning to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. Prune the shrub in late winter or early spring before the growing season starts. Remove any dead or diseased branches, to prevent the spread of diseases. To promote bushier growth, pinch off the tips of the new growth regularly. If you want to control the size of the shrub, prune it to the desired height and shape.
Propagation of Derris brachyptera auct.
Derris brachyptera auct., commonly known as "Tuba-tuba" or "Deguelia rufescens," is a perennial climbing plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and is often used for its medicinal properties. Propagation of Derris brachyptera auct. can be achieved through various methods such as seed propagation, vegetative propagation, and air layering.
Seed Propagation
Propagation of Derris brachyptera auct. can be achieved through seed propagation. The seeds of this plant are readily available and can be collected from mature seed pods that are fully ripe. The seeds should be sown immediately after collection, and the germination can take up to 2 weeks. The seeds can be germinated in a well-draining soil mix, under bright light, and a warm temperature of around 20 to 25°C.
Vegetative Propagation
Another method of propagating Derris brachyptera auct. is through vegetative propagation. This method is beneficial when you want to maintain the characteristics of a particular cultivar or when seed propagation is not possible. The stem cuttings should be collected from a healthy plant, and the cuttings should be at least 20 cm long. The leaves should be removed from the lower part of the cutting, and the cutting should be planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cutting should be kept in a humid environment, under bright light, and a warm temperature of around 20 to 25°C. The cutting can take root in around 2 to 4 weeks.
Air Layering
Air layering is another propagation method that can be used for Derris brachyptera auct. This method involves making a small incision in the stem of the plant, just below the node. The area should then be treated with rooting hormone, wrapped in moist sphagnum moss, and covered in plastic to retain moisture. After a few weeks, roots will form, and the stem can be severed from the parent plant and potted up in a well-draining soil mix.
Overall, Derris brachyptera auct. can be propagated through seed propagation, vegetative propagation, or air layering. With the right conditions and care, propagation of Derris brachyptera auct. can be a relatively easy process.
Disease and Pest Management for Derris brachyptera auct.
Derris brachyptera auct., commonly known as the tuba-tuba plant, is a tropical shrub that can grow up to 10 meters in height. Like any other plant, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can affect its growth and productivity. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves of Derris brachyptera. The disease is characterized by the appearance of brown, circular spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed immediately. Fungicides can be used to control the spread of the disease.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that affects the leaves of Derris brachyptera. It appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves. The disease can be managed by ensuring proper air circulation around the plant and avoiding overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are common pests that affect the growth of Derris brachyptera. They suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and distort. To manage this pest, insecticidal soaps or neem oil can be used to control their population. Ladybugs and lacewings are natural predators that feed on aphids.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are another pest that can affect the growth of Derris brachyptera. They chew on the leaves, causing extensive damage to the plant. To manage this pest, handpicking can be done, or Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) insecticide can be used to kill them.
In conclusion, Derris brachyptera auct. is a tropical shrub that is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can affect its growth and productivity. A proactive approach to disease and pest management can help ensure the health and vitality of the plant.
