Origin
Dalbergia microphylla, commonly known as East African blackwood or Mpingo, is a small flowering tree that belongs to the family Fabaceae. This plant is native to the dry regions of East Africa, particularly in Tanzania and Mozambique.
Common Names
The plant is known by different indigenous names in the countries where it grows. It is called Mpingo in Swahili, Omumbiri in Herero, Muhuhu in Kikuyu, and Mkewe in Kamba. In English, it is generally referred to as East African blackwood, Grenadilla, or simply blackwood.
Uses
Dalbergia microphylla is a valuable plant that has been used by several cultures for various purposes. Its timber, which is highly prized for its density, hardness, and resonance, is used in the production of musical instruments like clarinets, oboes, and bagpipes. The wood is also used in the crafting of high-end furniture, carving, and decorative objects. The plant is also used for medicinal purposes. The bark and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat ailments like fever, dysentery, and respiratory illnesses.
General Appearance
East African blackwood is a slow-growing evergreen tree that can grow to a height of 12 meters. The tree has a narrow crown with drooping branches and a dense foliage of small, shiny leaves. The trunk is slender, often twisted, and can reach up to 45 cm in diameter. The bark is dark grey and rough with deep vertical cracks. The tree produces small fragrant flowers that are followed by oval-shaped fruits that are about 2 cm long. The wood is dark purple or black, with a fine and even texture.
Growth Conditions of Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.
Light: Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. requires ample amounts of sunlight to ensure optimum growth and development. It thrives well in direct sunlight exposure, however, it can also survive in partial shade, but not in the absence of sunlight.
Temperature: This plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. In its native habitat in Africa, the temperature ranges from 18°C to 30°C, but it can survive and grow well up to 36°C. However, it can't tolerate frost and temperatures below 0°C. Thus, it is considered a sub-tropical or tropical plant and can't be grown in extremely cold climates.
Soil Requirements: Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. can grow in different types of soils but thrives best in well-drained soils rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH level of soil between 5.5 and 7.2. It is intolerant of waterlogged conditions and grows best in soils with good drainage systems.
Water: Adequate water supply is required for the growth and development of D. microphylla Chiov. It needs moderate to high amounts of water and can tolerate brief periods of drought. However, it is advisable to keep the soil moist but not soggy to avoid waterlogging, as it can be detrimental to the root system. It is essential to ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering.
Fertilizer: D. microphylla Chiov. is not a high feeder and can grow well in soils with moderate soil fertility. However, the application of organic fertilizers can improve plant growth and yields. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers can encourage vegetative growth, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote better flowering and fruiting.
In conclusion, Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. requires ample sunlight, a range of moderate temperatures, well-drained soils, adequate water supply, and moderate soil fertility requirements to ensure optimal growth.
Cultivation methods
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov., commonly known as East African Rosewood, is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree that is native to East Africa. The tree is highly valued for its timber, which is used in furniture making, cabinetry, and musical instruments. When cultivating the plant, it is best to choose a site that receives full sun or partial shade. The soil should be well-draining and fertile, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
The plant should be grown from seeds or cuttings. If using seeds, soak them in water for 24 hours before planting. The ideal time for planting is in the spring, after all danger of frost has passed. When planting seeds or cuttings, ensure they are placed in a hole that is twice the size of the root ball. Water the plant immediately after planting and continue to water it regularly until it becomes established.
Watering needs
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. requires regular watering, especially during its initial establishment period. The plant prefers moist, but not waterlogged soils, so it is important to ensure proper drainage in the planting site. During the dry season, the plant should be watered deeply and regularly to prevent wilting and stress. In general, it is better to water the plant deeply and less frequently than to water it shallowly and often.
Fertilization
The plant responds well to heavy soil-based fertilizers. Apply a slow-release, balanced fertilizer during the growing season, making sure to follow the manufacturer's recommended application rate. Fertilizer should be applied to the soil around the plant, avoiding contact with the leaves or stems. Over-fertilizing can cause damage to the plant, so it is important not to exceed the recommended application rate.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of the care of Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.. To shape the plant and encourage bushy growth, prune the tips of the branches regularly during the growing season. Dead or diseased branches should be removed as soon as they are noticed. When pruning, use clean, sharp tools, and make sure to disinfect them between cuts to prevent the spread of disease. Pruning should be done during the dry season when the plant is dormant to minimize stress.
Propagation of Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. is a deciduous, leguminous shrub that is native to Africa. It can reach a height of up to 2 meters and has fragrant and attractive flowers. The plant is propagated using different methods, each with its unique benefits and drawbacks. Here are the various propagation methods for Dalbergia microphylla Chiov:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is one of the most common methods of propagating Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. The seeds are collected from ripe pods and are sown in well-draining soil with good aeration. The seeds should be sown shallowly, with a light covering of soil. The ideal temperature for germination is around 25°C. Germination usually takes between 2 to 4 weeks.
After the seedlings have developed their first few sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots. The soil should be rich in organic matter and well-draining. The seedlings should be given a steady supply of moisture and fertilizers to promote growth. It takes a few months for the plants to develop into a size suitable for planting in the garden.
Cuttings Propagation
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The cuttings are taken from softwood or semi-hardwood stems, with a length of around 8 to 10 cm. The bottom of the cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone before being planted in a well-draining soil mix. The ideal temperature for rooting is around 25 to 28°C.
The cuttings should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and they should be protected from direct sunlight. In several weeks, the roots of the cuttings should have developed, and they can be transplanted into individual pots. The plants should be provided with adequate nutrients, moisture, and sunlight to promote growth.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another propagation method that can be used to propagate Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. The stem of the plant is bent towards the ground, and a part of it is buried in the soil. This part will develop roots and new shoots while still attached to the parent plant.
After several weeks, the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into individual pots. The new plant should be well-taken care of, with a steady supply of nutrients, moisture, and sunlight. It usually takes around six months for the new plant to reach a size suitable for planting in the garden.
These are the three primary propagation methods used for Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. growers choose the method that is most convenient and practical for them.
Disease and Pest Management for Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. is a plant native to East Africa that is commonly known as African blackwood. Like other plants, it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth and overall health. As a helpful assistant, I have compiled a list of common diseases and pests that can affect Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. and suggested ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Canker Disease: Canker disease is a fungal infection that causes sunken lesions on branches and twigs. The leaves above the infected area may wilt and die, and the bark may crack or peel. To manage canker disease, prune infected branches and stems, make sure the plant is well-ventilated, and avoid watering the leaves. Fungicides like copper oxychloride or copper hydroxide can also be used to control the disease.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes brownish-black spots on leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots may become larger and merge together, causing the leaves to curl and drop prematurely. To manage leaf spot, avoid overhead watering, remove infected leaves, and use fungicides like copper hydroxide or chlorothalonil.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are small pests that feed on plant sap, causing the leaves to develop a stippled, yellow appearance. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to dislodge them and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped pests that attach themselves to the plant and feed on its sap. They can cause yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and plant death. To manage scale insects, prune heavily infested areas, use insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils, and introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings to the area.
Leaf Miners: Leaf miners are larvae that tunnel through the leaves, causing them to develop serpentine patterns. They can cause extensive damage to the plant and reduce its overall health. To manage leaf miners, remove affected leaves, use sticky traps to capture adult flies, and introduce natural predators like parasitic wasps to the area.
By managing these common diseases and pests, you can promote the health and growth of your Dalbergia microphylla Chiov. plant.
