Origin
Dacryodes heterotricha (Pellegr.) H.J.Lam, also known as African plum or Gabon plum, is a tropical tree species that is native to the West and Central African regions. It can be found in countries such as Gabon, Congo, Cameroon, and Nigeria.Common Names
The African plum tree is commonly known by a variety of names depending on the region. In Gabon, it is called "Okok," while in Cameroon and Nigeria, it is known as "Igi udara" and "African star apple," respectively.Uses
The fruit of the African plum tree is highly valued for its sweet, juicy pulp and is a popular snack across West and Central Africa. The pulp can be eaten fresh or used to make a refreshing drink. The bark and leaves of the tree have been used for their medicinal properties. The bark has been used to treat fever, malaria, and stomach issues, while the leaves have been used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The tree is also valued for its timber, which is used in construction. The wood is hard and durable, making it a popular choice for furniture, boat building, and carving.General Appearance
The African plum is a medium-sized evergreen tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. It has a dense, rounded crown and a straight trunk that can reach up to 70 centimeters in diameter. The leaves are glossy and dark green, with a leathery texture and an ovate shape. The tree produces clusters of small, round fruits that are usually green when unripe and turn yellow or orange when fully ripe. The fruit has a thin, tough skin and contains a soft, juicy pulp that surrounds a large seed. The tree blooms in the dry season, producing clusters of small, white flowers.Light Requirements
Dacryodes heterotricha prefers bright but indirect sunlight. It can tolerate some direct sun, but too much can cause leaf burn. The plant can also grow under partially shaded conditions, but growth may be slower compared to when grown under brighter light.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm and humid conditions. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) throughout the year. Temperatures below 15°C (59°F) should be avoided, as this can cause damage to the leaves and slow growth.
Soil Requirements
Dacryodes heterotricha grows well in moist, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant can tolerate slightly acidic to neutral soil conditions. The addition of perlite or coarse sand to the soil mix can improve drainage and prevent waterlogging, which can cause root rot.
Cultivation methods
Dacryodes heterotricha is a tropical evergreen tree that is native to Africa and primarily grown for its edible fruit. It thrives in warm, humid climates that receive adequate rainfall throughout the year. The plant requires well-draining soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. It can be propagated by seed or stem cuttings. Planting should be done during the rainy season, and the tree should be spaced at least 10 feet apart.
Watering needs
The tree should be watered regularly, especially during the dry season. It is essential to ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and eventually kill the plant. Drip irrigation is an effective way to water the tree and minimize water waste.
Fertilization
The use of organic fertilizers is recommended for Dacryodes heterotricha. Compost, animal manure, or chicken droppings can be applied twice a year to provide the necessary nutrients for the tree's growth. It is important to avoid applying too much fertilizer as this can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil, which can harm the roots.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining the tree's shape and productivity. Dead and diseased branches should be removed regularly to prevent the spread of disease and pests. The best time to prune is during the dry season. Young trees should not be pruned until they are at least three years old to allow them to establish a strong root system.
Propagation Methods for Dacryodes heterotricha (Pellegr.) H.J.Lam
Dacryodes heterotricha (Pellegr.) H.J.Lam belonging to the Burseraceae family is a fruit tree known for its many health benefits. Propagation methods for this plant usually involve asexual methods such as grafting, budding, and air layering.
Grafting
Grafting is a common method used to propagate Dacryodes heterotricha by joining two different pieces of the plant, the rootstock, and the scion. In grafting, a scion is the part of the plant that is cut and joined to the rootstock. It is essential to ensure that the scion and rootstock are compatible to have a successful grafting process. Grafting allows for faster growth and production because it combines a desirable scion with the strong rootstock, resulting in quicker establishment and fruit production.
Budding
Budding is a form of grafting used in the propagation of Dacryodes heterotricha. In budding, a bud from the scion is placed onto a rootstock under the bark. This process is best done during the warmer months of the year, and the bud must be dormant, with no active growth. The bud is tied tightly to the rootstock and covered with a protective layer or seal.
Air Layering
Air layering is another form of asexual propagation used in Dacryodes heterotricha. This process involves exposing a portion of a branch, causing it to develop roots, then removing the rooted section and planting it. The process involves wrapping a portion of a branch with moist peat moss, plastic, or other materials to promote root development. Once the roots are established, the rooted section can be removed and planted. Air layering can be done at any time of the year, but the best results are seen when done during the growing season.
Overall, these asexual propagation methods are the best for Dacryodes heterotricha. It allows for the continued and consistent production of high-quality fruit.
Disease and Pest Management for Dacryodes heterotricha
Dacryodes heterotricha is a tree that belongs to the Burseraceae family and is native to tropical regions of Central and West Africa. Although it is a hardy species, it can be affected by several pests and diseases that can affect its growth and yield. It is essential to employ good management techniques to keep the tree healthy and productive.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Dacryodes heterotricha is leaf spot. It is caused by the fungus, Cercospora dacryodes. The signs of this disease include yellow spots that eventually turn brown or black. Over time, the spots grow and join, leading to defoliation and reduced growth. To manage this disease, it is important to remove the infected leaves and destroy them. Applying a fungicide can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
The other common disease that affects Dacryodes heterotricha is stem canker. This disease is caused by the fungus, Phytophthora palmivora. It manifests as lesions on the stem that result in the death of the affected area. The infected trees may wilt and die, leading to a significant reduction in yield. To control this disease, it is important to spray an effective fungicide before the onset of the rainy season. This helps to prevent the disease from spreading, and it keeps the tree healthy.
Common Pests
Dacryodes heterotricha can be affected by several pests that can damage the tree’s growth and yield. One of the most common pests is the stem borer. It is a moth whose larvae bore into the tree’s stem and cause significant damage. To manage this pest, it is essential to prune the affected branches and destroy them. Applying insecticides can also help prevent the pest from attacking the tree.
Another common pest that affects Dacryodes heterotricha is the mite. It feeds on the leaves and causes them to wither and fall off. The infestation can lead to defoliation and reduced yield. To manage this pest, it is essential to apply miticides to the tree’s foliage. This helps to control the infestation and restore the tree’s growth.
In conclusion, Dacryodes heterotricha is a hardy species that can be affected by several pests and diseases. Employing good management techniques such as pruning, applying fungicides and insecticides, and destroying infected plant parts can help keep the tree healthy and promote robust growth.
