Overview
Dacryodes buettneri, also known as African plum or Ukpor, is a plant species in the family Burseraceae. It is a native of Tropical West Africa, primarily found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This plant is known to have many uses in traditional medicine, including treating malaria, hypertension, and diabetes.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as African plum or Ukpor in English-speaking countries. In some regions, it is also known as Bob, Bop, Bobu, or Ngolo. In the DRC, it is called "Ubate" or "Mudusa", while in Cameroon, it is known as "Mubondi" or "Nga-nga".
Appearance
The African plum tree typically grows up to 20 meters in height and has a straight trunk with a diameter of up to 80 centimeters. The bark of the tree is gray-brown, and the leaves are alternate, lanceolate, and glossy. The flowers are small and greenish-white, borne in panicles at the tips of branches. The fruit is small, oval-shaped, and turns from green to yellow when ripe.
Uses
African plum has various uses, both traditional and modern. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat malaria, hypertension, and diabetes. The stem bark can be used as a chewing stick to freshen breath and improve oral hygiene. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked and is a source of food for many animals, including primates and birds.
The oil derived from the seeds of the African plum is an important industrial product. The oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, making it useful in soap-making, cosmetics, lubricants, and as a substitute for palm oil. The wood of the African plum tree is also used for timber, plywood, and fuelwood.
In summary, Dacryodes buettneri is a valuable plant species with many uses in traditional medicine and industrial applications. Its fruit and bark have been used for centuries to treat various ailments and maintain oral hygiene. Its oil and wood products are essential in many industries, making it a significant economic plant in Africa.
Light Requirements
The plant Dacryodes buettneri typically requires bright but indirect light for optimal growth. It can survive in low light conditions, but this may result in slower growth and reduced foliage. Therefore, it is best to place the plant in a location where it will receive partial sunlight or bright, filtered light for a few hours each day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Dacryodes buettneri is between 60-80°F (15-26°C). The plant may be able to withstand brief periods of temperatures outside of this range, but prolonged exposure to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) or above 90°F (32°C) can be detrimental to its growth and health.
Soil Requirements
Dacryodes buettneri grows well in well-drained, slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 5.5-6.5. The soil should be able to hold moisture without becoming waterlogged as excessive moisture can result in root rot. Incorporating organic matter such as compost or peat moss into the soil prior to planting can improve soil structure and nutrient availability.
Cultivation of Dacryodes buettneri (Engl.) H.J.Lam
Dacryodes buettneri, commonly known as the African pear, is a tropical tree species that is ideal for cultivation in the humid conditions of tropical Africa. When it comes to cultivation, this plant requires a well-draining soil with a high organic matter content. It thrives best in partial shade or full sun. The planting site should be prepared by clearing the area of weeds, grass or debris and tilling the soil to loosen it up.
Watering Needs of Dacryodes buettneri
Watering should be done regularly, especially during the dry season, to ensure that the plant does not dry out. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. The amount of water required by the plant depends on the prevailing weather conditions and the stage of growth.
Fertilization of Dacryodes buettneri
Fertilization of the African pear is essential for optimal growth and development. A balanced fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content should be used during the rainy season to promote leaf growth and ensure that the plant is well-fed. A lower nitrogen fertilizer should be used during the fruiting season to support fruit development.
Pruning of Dacryodes buettneri
Pruning of the African pear should be done to remove any dead or diseased branches and promote the growth of new ones. Pruning should be done during the rainy season to minimize stress on the plant.
It is important to note that the pruning method used should be the one that does not cause damage to the tree. A qualified arborist or horticulturist should be consulted in case of any doubts or to provide professional pruning services.
Propagation of Dacryodes buettneri
Dacryodes buettneri or locally known as "African pear" because of its edible fruit, is a tree species that is commonly found in the African region.
Propagation methods
Dacryodes buettneri can be propagated through various methods. The most common methods are through seeds, stem cuttings, and grafting.
Seeds: The seeds of Dacryodes buettneri can be collected from ripe fruits, washed, and spread out to dry for a day or two before planting. Plant the seeds in a well-draining potting mix and water regularly. Seedlings should emerge in 2-4 weeks.
Stem Cuttings: Softwood stem cuttings of Dacryodes buettneri can be taken during the rainy season. Cuttings should be taken from the terminal growth, removing the lower leaves, and dipped in rooting hormone before planting in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist until roots develop, usually in 2-3 weeks.
Grafting: Grafting is a common propagation method for Dacryodes buettneri as it allows you to produce a tree with desirable fruit characteristics. Grafting can be done using cleft grafting or saddle grafting methods. It is important to use disease-free scion wood, and the graft union should be protected from the sun and kept moist.
Propagation of Dacryodes buettneri is relatively easy, and with proper care, trees can start to bear fruit in as little as 3-4 years.
Disease and Pest Management for Dacryodes buettneri Plants
Dacryodes buettneri, commonly known as African pear or safou, is a popular fruit tree that is native to Africa. Although it is generally a hardy plant, there are several diseases and pests that can affect its growth and productivity. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, along with their management strategies.
Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. It causes the affected parts to develop irregular brown spots that enlarge and spread. To manage this disease, ensure that the plant is well-ventilated to reduce humidity levels. Also, remove and destroy any infected plant material and treat the plant with a copper-based fungicide.
Sooty mold: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of the plant. It is characterized by the growth of black, powdery mold on the affected parts. To manage this disease, you need to tackle the underlying pest problem since sooty mold is a secondary disease. Check for pests like mealybugs and scale insects and remove them manually or with insecticides.
Pests
Mealybugs: These are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They secrete a sticky, sweet substance called honeydew that attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage mealybugs, inspect the plant regularly and remove them manually using a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or insecticide. Also, ensure that the plant is well-watered and fertilized to promote its health and vigor.
Fruit fly: This is a common pest that affects the fruit of the plant. It lays eggs inside the fruit, which hatch into larvae that feed on the fruit pulp, causing it to rot. To manage fruit flies, use traps and baits that attract and kill the adult flies. Also, harvest the fruit early to prevent infestation and remove and destroy any infected fruit to reduce the population of the pest.
By implementing these disease and pest management strategies, you can ensure that your Dacryodes buettneri plants remain healthy and productive throughout their growth cycle.
