Origin
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is a rare and endangered hybrid orchid that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is native to the eastern part of North America, particularly found in the southern Appalachian Mountains from Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia, and extends north to Kentucky. The plant prefers to grow in cool and damp environments, like bogs, wetlands, and open woods.
Common Names
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum is commonly known as Andrews' slipper orchid, Faville's cypripedium, and Andricus' calceolus. The plant has derived these common names from its physical appearance, where its flowers take the shape of a slipper or calceolus.
Uses
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum is a rare and endangered species that is mainly used for ornamental purposes. The plant's unique and unusual appearance makes it a popular choice among collectors and gardeners who want to grow something out of the ordinary. However, due to its endangered status, it is strictly protected in the wild, and it is illegal to harvest or collect without proper permits and a conservation plan.
General Appearance
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum is a herbaceous perennial orchid that grows up to 30 cm tall. The plant has a fleshy rhizome that produces a rosette of three to five leaves that can extend up to 20 cm long and 5 cm wide. The leaves are elliptic to oblong in shape and have a dull gray-green color.
The plant produces a single stem that bears one or two large and showy flowers. The flower's color ranges from a light greenish-yellow to a dark brownish-purple with a yellow lip that resembles a slipper or calceolus. The flower also has a tuft of white hair on the upper side of the lip. The plant blooms in mid to late spring and summer.
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum is a rare and unique plant that has attracted the attention of many collectors and garden enthusiasts. Its unusual appearance and the challenge of growing it make it a prized possession among plant collectors. However, its endangered status highlights the importance of proper conservation efforts to preserve its natural habitat and ensure its survival for years to come.
Light Requirements
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is a shade-loving plant that prefers filtered sunlight rather than direct sunlight. It thrives in areas where it receives light but not intense heat. Direct sunlight can cause damage to the leaves of the plant, and it is therefore recommended that the plant is grown in filtered light or partial shade environments with high humidity levels.
Temperature Requirements
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) prefers cool temperatures ranging from 50 to 70°F (10 to 21°C). It is important to avoid exposing the plant to temperatures that exceed 80°F (26°C) or drop below 32°F (0°C). Growers should also ensure that the plant is protected from cold drafts and extreme temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
The plant requires a well-drained, nutrient-rich soil that is slightly acidic. The pH of the soil should range from 5.5 to 6.5. It is best to avoid soil that is too compact as it can cause the roots to rot. An ideal growing medium for this plant is a mix of peat moss, perlite, and pine bark. It is important to ensure that the growing medium is moist but not waterlogged. The plant should be watered regularly, but the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely.
Cultivation Methods
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is a hardy orchid that is well-suited for cultivation in gardens and greenhouses. It prefers well-draining soil and partial to full shade. The best time for planting is in the spring or fall. It can be propagated by dividing the roots, but care must be taken not to damage them.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is important for the healthy growth of Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.). It requires moderate watering, with a preference for moist soil. Overwatering or allowing the soil to dry out completely can lead to stunted growth or root rot. It is important to maintain consistent moisture levels, especially during the growing season.
Fertilization
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) benefits from periodic fertilization with a balanced orchid-specific fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied at half-strength every two weeks during the growing season. Care should be taken not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to root burn and damage.
Pruning
Pruning of Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is not necessary, as it is a low-maintenance plant. However, dead leaves and spent flowers should be removed to maintain the appearance of the plant and prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.)
Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is an orchid hybrid that can be propagated through two methods. These are:
Division Method
The division method involves separating the plant into two or more parts, each of which can grow on its own. It is best done during the plant's dormant period in late fall or early spring. Here are the steps:
- Carefully dig up the plant, taking care not to damage the roots.
- Separate the plant into two or more parts using a sharp, sterilized knife.
- Inspect each part for any signs of damage or infection before replanting.
- Plant each part in a well-draining potting mix, making sure the roots are spread evenly.
- Water the plant thoroughly and keep it in a shaded area until new growth appears.
Seed Propagation Method
The seed propagation method is another effective way to propagate this plant. Here are the steps:
- Collect seed pods from the plant once they have turned brown and are starting to split.
- Carefully remove the seeds from the pod and rinse them with clean water.
- Place the seeds in a plastic bag with a moistened paper towel and seal it. Store it in a cool, dark place for about 60 days to encourage germination.
- Select a well-draining potting mix and sterilize it before planting the germinated seeds.
- Plant the seeds about 2-3 cm deep in the potting mix, water them thoroughly, and ensure that they are kept in a warm, bright location
- Germination can take anywhere from a few weeks to a year, so be patient.
Disease and Pest Management for Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.)
As with any plant, Cypripedium ×andrewsii A.M. Fuller var. favillianum (J.T. Curtis) Boivin (pro nm.) is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can cause considerable damage if not managed properly. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
1. Fusarium wilt: This is a common fungal disease that affects the roots of Cypripedium ×andrewsii plants, causing them to wilt and die. The fungus lives in the soil and can be spread through contaminated soil or water. To manage this disease, it is essential to ensure that the plant is planted in well-drained soil that does not hold excess moisture. Avoiding over-watering and regular inspection for signs of wilt is also necessary. Fungicide treatment is another option, but it is not always effective.
2. Botrytis blight: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of Cypripedium ×andrewsii, causing them to become brown and mushy. It thrives in humid conditions and can be spread through spores carried by the wind. To manage this disease, it is essential to maintain good air circulation around the plant by pruning it regularly. Keeping the plant dry by avoiding overhead watering can also prevent botrytis blight. Fungicide treatment can be used but only selectively as it might harm the natural predators that could deal with the disease.
Common Pests
1. Aphids: These are tiny insects that feed on the sap of the leaves and stems of Cypripedium ×andrewsii. They can cause the plant to wilt and become stunted. To manage aphids, spraying the plant with a mixture of mild soap and water (or neem oil) can wash them away. Companion planting with predator-friendly plants can also help prevent aphids.
2. Slugs and snails: These are common pests that can cause significant damage to the leaves and flowers of Cypripedium ×andrewsii. They tend to feed at night and thrive in moist conditions. To manage these pests, handpicking them off the plant and surrounding areas or laying baits may be effective. Additionally, creating dry areas around the plant can help deter these pests.
Following these measures can help in managing diseases and pests that may affect the plant. Combining various strategies can help in effective management and prevent any adverse impacts on the plant.
