Overview of Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc.
Cyphostemma waterlotii, also known as the African Tree Grape, belongs to the family of Vitaceae and is a woody climber. It has been identified as an important medicinal plant and is found mainly in West Africa, including Ivory Coast, Guinea, Gabon, and Nigeria. The plant grows in the tropical rainforest and can reach heights of up to ten metres, often with a thickened stem at the base.
Appearance of Cyphostemma waterlotii
The leaves of Cyphostemma waterlotii are large, shiny, and simple, measuring about 15cm long and nearly as wide. They resemble grape leaves and are placed alternately on the stem. The flowers of the plant grow in a dense inflorescence, and are usually small and greenish. The fruits that are produced by the plant are berries, round in shape and are purple or black when they mature.
Common Names for Cyphostemma waterlotii
In addition to African Tree Grape, the plant is known by several other common names such as Mpu, Musanga, and Pepe in some West African countries. In Nigeria, it is called Ulukhola and in Ivory Coast, it is known as Gbrehouni.
Uses of Cyphostemma waterlotii
Cyphostemma waterlotii has significant medicinal uses, making it an important plant in traditional African medicine. The roots and stem bark are commonly used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and stomach ache. The leaves and fruits are also known to possess anti-inflammatory properties and can be used in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis. Moreover, the fruits are edible and can be eaten raw, although they are often used to make wine or jam.
The plant is also used in local communities for fencing, roofing, and firewood due to its strong and durable wood. Recently, it has become an important plant in agroforestry projects as it has been proven to have a positive effect on soil fertility and can reduce soil erosion.
Overall, Cyphostemma waterlotii is a versatile plant that is widely appreciated for its medicinal properties, economic value, and environmental benefits.
Growth Conditions for Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc.
Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc. is a plant species that is native to Madagascar. It is a succulent shrub that grows up to 1 meter high and wide. The plant has an underground tuberous root that stores water, which allows this plant to survive in dry conditions.
Light Requirements
Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc. requires full sun for healthy growth. It can tolerate partial shade but full sun is preferred. Therefore, it should be placed in a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight each day.
Temperature Requirements
Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc. is a warm climate plant that prefers temperatures between 20-30°C. It is not frost-tolerant, and so it should be protected from freezing temperatures. This makes it better suited for outdoor growth in tropical and subtropical regions.
Soil Requirements
Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc. thrives in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers a soil pH of 6.0-7.0 that is slightly acidic to neutral. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogged soil can cause root rot. To improve drainage, add sand or perlite to the soil mix when planting.
In conclusion, Cyphostemma waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc. requires full sun, warm temperatures, and well-draining soils for optimal growth. By providing these growing conditions, gardeners can successfully cultivate this beautiful and unique succulent shrub.
Cultivation Methods
Cyphostemma waterlotii, commonly known as the elephant foot plant, is a succulent that requires well-draining soil and plenty of sunlight. It can be grown either indoors or outdoors, provided that the temperature remains above 50°F (10°C).
The plant prefers sandy, loamy soil that is moderately fertile. It can be grown in containers or planted directly in the ground. If planting in a container, be sure to use a well-draining mix of soil and sand. Containers should have drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Needs
Cyphostemma waterlotii requires moderate watering during the growing season (spring and summer). Water your plant only when the soil is completely dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so be sure to let the soil dry out before watering it again. In the dormant season (fall and winter), water sparingly to avoid overwatering.
Fertilization
During the growing season, you can fertilize your Cyphostemma waterlotii once a month with a balanced fertilizer. Dilute the fertilizer to half of the recommended strength, and apply it when the soil is slightly moist. Avoid fertilizing your plant during the dormant season.
Pruning
Cyphostemma waterlotii doesn't require much pruning. However, if you notice any dead or damaged leaves or branches, you can prune them off with a clean pair of scissors. This will improve the overall appearance of the plant and prevent any potential pest or disease problems.
Propagation of Cyphostemma waterlotii
Cyphostemma waterlotii can be propagated through different methods such as seeds, stem cuttings, and air layering.
Seeds
Seeds can be collected from mature plants and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the container should be kept in a warm, humid place. Germination can take several weeks to months. Seedlings can be transplanted once they have established a strong root system.
Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings can be taken from mature plants and rooted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be taken from the bottom of the stem and placed in a rooting hormone before planting in the soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the container should be kept in a warm, humid place. Roots should start to form within a few weeks. Once they are established, the cuttings can be transplanted into individual containers or directly into the ground.
Air Layering
Air layering can be used to propagate larger specimens of Cyphostemma waterlotii. This method involves creating a small wound on the stem and covering it with a rooting hormone and moist sphagnum moss. The moss is then wrapped in plastic wrap to maintain a high level of humidity. Within a few weeks to months, roots should start to form. The stem can then be cut below the root zone and planted in a well-draining soil mix.
Disease Management:
Cyphostemma waterlotii is susceptible to several fungal and bacterial diseases that affect the leaves, stems, and roots. The most common diseases that can affect the plant include powdery mildew, leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot.
To manage fungal and bacterial diseases, it is essential to keep the plant and its surrounding clean and dry. Remove any infected plant debris and leaves regularly, and make sure the soil has proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. Use a fungicide or bactericide as per the instructions to manage the diseases effectively.
Pest Management:
Cyphostemma waterlotii can also attract several pests, including mealybugs, spider mites, and thrips. These pests cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and curling of leaves and eventually lead to plant death.
To manage pests, it is essential to inspect the plant regularly for any signs of infestation, including visible pests and sticky residue on leaves. Use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil in combination with water to spray the plant regularly and disrupt the pest's life cycle. Introduce beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings that feed on pests as a natural control method.
