Overview:
Cyphostemma subglaucescens (Planch.) Desc. is a succulent plant widely distributed across East, Central, and Southern Africa regions. It belongs to the grape family (Vitaceae) and is commonly known as African tree grape or Kenyan tree grape.
Appearance:
The plant has a twisted, gnarly trunk that can grow up to nine meters tall, often with a diameter of 50-80 cm. The bark is gray-brown in color and peels with age. The branches grow upwards and project from the trunk. The leaves are fleshy, round to oval in shape, and covered in fine hair giving it a velvety look. The flowers are small and yellowish-white, blooming in dense clusters at the end of the branches. The fruits are large and grape-like, measuring between 3-5 cm in diameter and are edible.
Uses:
Cyphostemma subglaucescens is a multi-purpose plant that has numerous uses. The fruits are commonly eaten fresh or fermented to make wine, while the bark and leaves are utilized for their medicinal values. The bark extract is used to treat stomach aches, diarrhea, and respiratory infections in traditional medicine. The leaves contain a resin that is capable of killing intestinal worms, while the root is used to manage snake bites. The plant is also used in ornamental gardening and is suitable for growing in arid regions such as succulent gardens.
Light Requirements
Cyphostemma subglaucescens prefers bright, indirect sunlight. It should not be exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods, as it may result in leaf scorching. The plant should ideally be placed near a shady area, with filtered light falling on it for a few hours every day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in moderate to high temperatures, with an optimal range of 20-35°C. It should be kept away from cold draughts, as sudden drops in temperature may result in leaf drop. Additionally, the plant is sensitive to frost, and should be protected during such weather conditions.
Soil Requirements
Cyphostemma subglaucescens is not too fussy about the soil type, but it should be well-draining. The soil should be sandy or loamy, with a pH range between 6.5 to 7.5. The plant should not be overwatered, as it may result in root rot. It is advisable to wait for the soil to dry out before watering the plant again.
Cultivation Methods
Cyphostemma subglaucescens plants require well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They grow best in areas with partial shade, where they receive adequate sunlight in the morning but are protected from direct sunlight in the afternoon. Ensure that the temperature is optimal for their growth, which should be between 18-25 degrees Celsius.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is essential for the healthy growth of Cyphostemma subglaucescens plants. During the growing season, water the plant once a week, ensuring that the soil is evenly moist. However, be careful not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot, which can be fatal. In the dormant season, the plant should not be watered at all.
Fertilization
Fertilization is necessary to maintain the plant's healthy growth and development. During the growing season, fertilize the plant about once every two weeks using a balanced fertilizer. You can also apply a layer of compost around the base of the plant to increase the soil's fertility.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for the Cyphostemma subglaucescens plant as they have a natural tendency to grow into a bush shape. However, if you want to control their growth, you can prune them back in the early spring before active growth begins. Also, dead and damaged branches should be removed as soon as they are noticed to maintain the plant's health and appearance.
Propagation Methods for Cyphostemma subglaucescens (Planch.) Desc.
Cyphostemma subglaucescens (Planch.) Desc. is a woody and succulent plant that is native to southern and eastern Africa. It grows well in warm and dry climates and can be propagated via different methods that include:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Cyphostemma subglaucescens can be harvested from the ripe fruits once they are dry and brown. The seeds can be stored in a cool and dry place before planting to improve germination rates. To propagate the plant from seeds, plant them in well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until germination occurs. Ideal temperatures for seed germination range between 20-25°C. It takes approximately 2-3 weeks for the seeds to germinate.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another method of propagating Cyphostemma subglaucescens and involves taking cuttings of at least 10cm long from mature plants. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone before planting in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and warm until the cutting develops roots in about 4-6 weeks.
Division Propagation
Division propagation method is suitable for mature Cyphostemma subglaucescens plants that have multiple stems. Dig up the entire plant and separate it into smaller sections, making sure each section has roots and foliage. Replant each section in well-draining soil and keep it moist until new growth emerges.
Overall, Cyphostemma subglaucescens is an easy to propagate plant that can be propagated successfully through seeds, cuttings, and division. With proper care, the plant can grow into a beautiful and healthy specimen.
Disease and Pest Management for Cyphostemma subglaucescens
Cyphostemma subglaucescens is a succulent plant that can be susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests.
Common Diseases
One common disease that affects this plant is powdery mildew. This disease is caused by a fungal infection and is characterized by white or grayish powdery spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, it is important to remove infected plant parts, control humidity and ensure proper air circulation. Fungicides can also be used to treat powdery mildew.
Another disease that can affect Cyphostemma subglaucescens is black spot. This disease is caused by a fungus and results in dark spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. Pruning infected parts of the plant and applying fungicides can help manage black spot.
Common Pests
Mealybugs are a common pest that can infest Cyphostemma subglaucescens. These pests are small, white, and produce a powdery substance on the leaves and stems. They can be controlled by washing the plant with a strong jet of water or by applying insecticidal soap.
Another pest that may affect this plant is spider mites. These pests are not always easy to detect as they are very small and may not be visible to the naked eye. Spider mites feed on the plant’s sap, resulting in yellowing and curling of leaves. They can be treated with insecticides or by washing the plant with a strong jet of water.
Regular inspections and monitoring for pests and diseases, along with proper care, can help prevent problems with Cyphostemma subglaucescens. Maintaining good sanitation practices such as removing fallen leaves and debris can help to reduce the risk of infestations.
