Overview
Cyphostemma michelii (Dewit) Desc. is a perennial succulent plant that belongs to the family Vitaceae. This plant has a unique appearance with thick, fleshy stems and leaves that can be deciduous or evergreen depending on the climate. It is a popular ornamental plant among collectors and gardeners because of its unique beauty and adaptability to different growing conditions.
Origin and Distribution
Cyphostemma michelii (Dewit) Desc. is endemic to Namibia, a country located in Southern Africa. This plant is mainly found in rocky areas and dry savannas. It is also occasionally located in sandy soils and other places with well-draining soils. This plant has become increasingly popular in cultivation, due to its attractive appearance.
Common Names
Cyphostemma michelii (Dewit) Desc. has several common names including 'Hottentot-bread', 'Kambonde', 'Omutyuula', and 'Omuxangamise', as it is referred to by some Namibian tribes. The plant earned its name 'Hottentot-bread' because some of the Namibian tribes would use the stem and root of the plant as a substitute for bread when food was scarce.
Uses
The stem and root are the most important parts used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including snake bites, stomach problems, and fever. The plant is also used for its laxative and diuretic properties as it contains an active ingredient known as mucilage. In modern times, this plant is commonly grown as an ornamental plant due to its adaptation to various growing conditions and its unique beauty.
General Appearance
Cyphostemma michelii (Dewit) Desc. is a succulent plant with a thick, fleshy stem that can grow to heights of up to 6 meters supporting a scrambling, leafless structure. The stem is dark brown, wrinkled and ridged which enables it to store huge amounts of water. The leaves are large, green and shiny, orbicular and palmately lobed or divided. The plant bears fragrant, white or cream-colored inflorescences in spring, followed by aerial ripening clusters of berries that are pinkish and about 1cm in diameter.
In conclusion, Cyphostemma michelii (Dewit) Desc. is a valuable plant to the Namibian people for its medicinal purposes and a popular ornamental plant among collectors and gardeners around the world for its unique beauty and resilient nature.Light Requirements
Cyphostemma michelii is a plant that requires bright, indirect light to grow and thrive. It should not be placed in direct sunlight because that can cause leaf burn and harm the plant. As a result, it is ideal to place it near a window that has a sheer curtain or to provide it with fluorescent or LED lights if growing indoors.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm environments and prefers temperatures that range from 15-30°C. It can tolerate a range of temperatures, but it is best to avoid placing it in areas with temperatures below 10°C. Additionally, it should not be placed in areas where there are significant temperature fluctuations, such as near doors or air conditioning vents, as this can cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements for Cyphostemma michelii are well-draining and nutrient-rich soil. It prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6-7. The plant does not grow well in compact soil; therefore, it is best to use a soil mixture with peat moss or perlite. When planting the plant, provide it with a pot that has drainage holes to prevent water buildup that can harm the roots.
Cultivation
Cyphostemma michelii is native to South Africa and prefers full sun to partial shade. It can be grown in containers, raised beds, or directly in the ground. The plant needs well-draining, porous soil that does not retain water for too long.
When planting, make sure to provide adequate space for growth, as the plant can reach up to 10 feet in height and spread up to 6 feet wide.
Watering Needs
Cyphostemma michelii prefers moderate watering, where the soil is allowed to dry slightly before the next watering. However, it should not be left dry for too long as this can lead to wilting and leaf drop. During the growing season, it is advisable to water the plant once a week.
During the dormant period, watering should be reduced to once every two weeks. It is essential to avoid over-watering or waterlogging as this can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Cyphostemma michelii does not require much fertilizer. However, to promote optimal growth and flowering, feeding the plant with a balanced fertilizer every three months during the growing season is recommended.
Further, it is advisable to provide the plant with a phosphorus-rich fertilizer to improve flowering.
Pruning
Cyphostemma michelii does not require much pruning. However, it is advisable to prune out straggly or dead branches. Pruning can be done after the flowering period is over, which typically ends in late autumn or early winter.
Propagation of Cyphostemma michelii
Cyphostemma michelii is commonly propagated by seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of Cyphostemma michelii can be collected from the mature fruits. The seeds should be soaked in warm water for several hours to soften the seed coat. Then, the seeds should be sown in a well-drained soil mixture and kept in a warm and moist environment to facilitate germination. Germination usually takes two to four weeks, and the seedlings should be transplanted in individual pots once they are large enough to handle.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings of Cyphostemma michelii can be taken during the active growth period, usually in the spring or early summer. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and should be approximately 10 to 15 cm in length. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting should be removed, and the remaining leaves should be reduced in size to minimize water loss. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and inserted into a well-drained soil mixture. The cuttings should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and placed in a warm and bright location with filtered sun. Roots should appear within four to six weeks, and the rooted cuttings can be potted into individual pots once they are well established.
Disease Management
Cyphostemma michelii is moderately resilient to diseases, but it can still be affected by common fungal infections. The plant can be susceptible to powdery mildew, leaf spots, and stem rots, which can lead to damage and plant death if left unchecked.
One of the most effective ways to manage fungal infections is to maintain good sanitation practices. Ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil and that it receives proper ventilation and sunlight. Avoid overwatering, as this can create a moist environment that fungi thrive in. Regularly remove dead plant parts to prevent the spread of disease.
If a fungal infection is detected, treatment with a fungicide will be necessary. Choose a fungicide specifically designed for the type of infection affecting the plant, and follow the manufacturer's instructions on application and frequency of use.
Pest Management
Cyphostemma michelii is relatively resistant to pest infestation, but it can still fall prey to common garden pests like spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. These pests can cause leaves to yellow and wither, holes in foliage, and can reduce plant vigor.
One of the most effective ways to manage pest infestations is through regular monitoring of the plant. Inspect the plant regularly for signs of pests and act as soon as they are detected. Removing individual pests with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol can help reduce their numbers.
If a pest infestation has become established, treatment with an insecticide may be necessary. Choose an insecticide that targets the specific pest affecting the plant and follow the manufacturer's recommended application and frequency of use.
Prevention is key in pest management. Keeping the plant healthy and stress-free will make it less susceptible to pest invasion. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can attract pests to the plant. Ensure that the plant is grown in optimal conditions to promote strong growth and vigor.
