Overview
Cyphostemma lageniflorum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. is a succulent and perennial plant that belongs to the Vitaceae family. It is also known by several common names such as Bokhala, Kleinbas, and Ghaana in different regions. This plant is native to the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, specifically in East Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Appearance
The plant typically grows up to a height of 30 to 50 cm with a stout stem and few branches. The branches have a pale green color with a smooth surface, and the stem's diameter can range from 2 to 6 cm. The leaves of the plant are green, glabrous, and triangular-ovate in shape, and they can grow up to 25 cm in length and 15 cm in width. The inflorescence of the Cyphostemma lageniflorum consists of long peduncles carrying several flowers, which are creamy-white to yellow in color and have a fragrant scent.
Uses
The Cyphostemma lageniflorum plant has several uses in traditional medicine and daily life. The plant's stem and roots are used to treat various conditions like asthma, dysentery, and rheumatism in African traditional medicine. It is also used as a natural repellent for insects and pests. In addition to that, the plant's fruits are edible, and they are used to make soups and sauces in African meals. The Cyphostemma lageniflorum plant also has ornamental value, making it a beautiful addition to gardens and indoor spaces.
Light Requirements
The plant Cyphostemma lageniflorum requires bright, indirect light for optimal growth. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves of the plant, so it is best to place it in a location that receives filtered or diffused sunlight. In its native habitat, it grows under the shade of other plants or trees.
Temperature Requirements
Cyphostemma lageniflorum prefers warm temperatures between 20-25°C (68-77°F), but can tolerate slight fluctuations in temperature. Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage to the plant and should be avoided. It is important to protect the plant from drafts and cold temperatures as they can weaken the plant and make it more susceptible to diseases.
Soil Requirements
Cyphostemma lageniflorum does best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH between 6.0-7.5 for optimal growth. It is important to avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot. Water the plant deeply when the top inch of soil is dry to the touch, but allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering again.
Cultivation
Cyphostemma lageniflorum is a succulent plant that is native to Africa. It thrives in warm, arid climates and makes an excellent addition to any xeriscape garden. When planting, ensure that the soil is well-draining and contains a mixture of sand and gravel. The plant prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH of around 6.5.
It is best to plant the Cyphostemma lageniflorum in a location that provides full sun exposure. This plant is very tolerant to heat and drought and can withstand extreme temperatures as low as 30 degrees Fahrenheit without any protection.
Watering
Cyphostemma lageniflorum requires minimal watering as it is a succulent plant. Overwatering can lead to root rot and can be fatal to the plant. It is best to water it only when the soil is completely dry. During the hot months of summer, the plant should be watered every two to three weeks. However, during the winter months, it can go up to six weeks without water.
Fertilization
Cyphostemma lageniflorum is not a heavy feeder and does not require frequent fertilization. During its active growing season, which is typically in the spring and summer months, fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant season, which is in the fall and winter months.
Pruning
Cyphostemma lageniflorum does not require frequent pruning. However, if you wish to control its size or shape, you can pinch back the tips of the plant. Pruning is best done during its active growing season, which is typically in the spring and summer months.
Propagation of Cyphostemma lageniflorum
Cyphostemma lageniflorum can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages.
Propagation through seeds
Seeds can be collected from mature fruits and sown immediately in moist soil. Germination usually takes place within 2-3 weeks. However, the success rate of seed propagation is low as the seeds have a low viability rate.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are taken from the parent plant during the growing season and are allowed to develop roots in a potting mix. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy and disease-free plants. The cuttings should be about 10-12 cm long and should have at least two nodes. The leaves on the lower end should be removed, and the cutting should be left to dry for a few hours before planting. The cuttings should be planted in a well-draining soil mix and should be watered regularly. Within 3-4 weeks, the cuttings should develop roots and can be transplanted to a larger container or directly planted in the ground.
Overall, stem cuttings are the preferred method of propagation for Cyphostemma lageniflorum as they have a higher success rate and produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
Disease Management
Cyphostemma lageniflorum is susceptible to several fungal and bacterial diseases that can cause reduced growth, wilting, and death of the plant. Some common diseases that might affect the plant are:
- Gray mold: caused by Botrytis cinerea, it appears as fuzzy gray spots on the leaves. To manage it, remove the affected leaves and improve air circulation.
- Black spot: caused by Alternaria sp., it appears as circular brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage it, remove the affected leaves and improve air circulation.
- Crown rot: caused by Phytophthora sp., it affects the stem's base, leading to wilting and death of the plant. To manage it, avoid overwatering and improve soil drainage.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Cyphostemma lageniflorum, causing direct damage to the foliage and reducing plant growth. Some common pests that might affect the plant are:
- Spider mites: they suck sap from the leaves, causing yellowing and curling of the foliage. To manage them, spray the plant with water and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mealybugs: they feed on the sap and excrete a sticky substance that attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage them, remove them manually with tweezers or cotton swabs and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Scale insects: they feed on the sap and excrete a sticky substance that attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage them, remove them manually with tweezers or cotton swabs and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
