Overview
Cyphelium karelicum is a lichenized fungi species that belongs to the Parmeliaceae family. It is characterized by its crustose thallus and granular soredia. This plant is commonly found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in regions with damp and cold climates.
Appearance
C. karelicum has a grayish-greenish color with a whitish margin. Its thallus ranges from 1-3 cm in diameter and is crustose, which means it grows directly attached to its substrate. The thallus surface is usually rough, fissured, and irregular. It has a powdery texture due to the presence of soredia, which are small grain-like structures that contain both fungal hyphae and green algae. This plant also has apothecia, which are small, mushroom-like structures that contain asci or spore-bearing cells.
Uses
Since C. karelicum is a lichenized fungus, it has no known uses in human medicine or nutrition. However, it plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by contributing to soil fertility, as it promotes the decomposition of substrate material and provides a habitat for other organisms, such as insects and birds. It is also used as a bioindicator of air pollution, as it accumulates heavy metals and other toxins from the environment.
Common Names
Cyphelium karelicum is commonly known as Karelian dust lichen or Karelian granule lichen.
Light Requirements
Cyphelium karelicum requires moderate to low light conditions. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it may cause damage to the plant's delicate tissues. It thrives in shaded areas or areas that receive filtered light. Insufficient sunlight may slow down growth and cause the plant to become weak and spindly.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Cyphelium karelicum is between 10°C to 18°C. They are typically found in temperate environments, including the boreal and subalpine forests. The plant can withstand occasional frost, but extended exposure to freezing temperatures can harm the plant. A sudden change in temperature may also cause the plant to go into shock.
Soil Requirements
Cyphelium karelicum thrives in well-aerated, moist, and nutrient-rich soils. The ideal pH range for the growth of the plant is between 5.0 to 6.5. The soil should also be free from any contaminants that may impair the growth of the plant. It is typically found growing on decaying mosses, particularly in coniferous forests. The plant requires occasional watering to ensure that the soil does not dry out completely.
Cultivation
Cyphelium karelicum (Vainio) Rasanen grows well in cool and humid environments. It is commonly found growing on rocks, moss, or bark of trees, and can tolerate partial shade. In cultivation, it can be grown either on a substrate of bark or on a substrate of rocks and moss.
Watering Needs
Since Cyphelium karelicum (Vainio) Rasanen prefers a humid environment, it needs to be watered regularly. The water must be clean and free of any chemicals. Over-watering can lead to rot, therefore, it is advisable to ensure proper drainage.
Fertilization
Cyphelium karelicum (Vainio) Rasanen does not require frequent fertilization. However, during the growing season, it can be fed a mild orchid fertilizer once per month. Alternatively, during the growth season, some gardeners prefer to spray a diluted solution of fish emulsion or seaweed extract onto the leaves.
Pruning
The plant does not require any specific pruning. However, it is advisable to remove damaged or dead leaves and branches. This promotes air circulation and prevents the spread of diseases.
Propagation methods
Cyphelium karelicum (Vainio) Räsänen, commonly known as Karelian reindeer lichen, is a slow-growing lichen species that reproduces via both sexual and asexual methods. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through either of the following methods:
Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation involves the use of fragments of the plant's thallus to establish new colonies. To carry out this method, one needs to collect carefully selected and healthy thallus fragments from mature individuals and attach them to suitable substrates. The thallus fragments will then grow into new plant colonies.
Sexual propagation
Cyphelium karelicum can also be propagated through the dispersal of its reproductive spores. This method entails the collection of mature fruiting bodies, which are then dried and crushed to release spores. The spores are then spread on suitable substrates in an environment with the right conditions (i.e., suitable moisture and light). Under favorable conditions, the spores will germinate and grow into new plants.
It is important to note that the propagation of Cyphelium karelicum is a slow and delicate process that requires careful handling of plant parts and the provision of suitable growth conditions. The use of appropriate growth substrates, adequate moisture, and sufficient light will ensure the healthy development of new plant colonies.
Disease Management
Cyphelium karelicum is generally not prone to many diseases. However, if the plant is not appropriately cared for, it may be susceptible to fungal diseases such as rust, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. To prevent these diseases, it is essential to keep the plant healthy and provide adequate airflow.
Rust is a fungal disease that causes yellow, orange, or red spots on the leaves, and can affect the plant's growth. The best way to prevent this disease is to avoid watering the leaves and keep the air humid with regular misting.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that forms a white or gray powder-like substance on the leaves and stems. This can be prevented by ensuring the plant has ample air circulation and avoiding overhead watering.
Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes black or brown spots on the leaves. It can be treated by pruning affected leaves and practicing good sanitation.
Pest Management
Cyphelium karelicum can also suffer from different pests, including spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. These insects like to feed on plant sap and can cause leaf curling, yellowing, and wilting.
Spider mites are tiny reddish-brown insects that can weave webs between leaves. They can be treated with insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.
Scale insects are small, oval-shaped insects that look like bumps on the stems or leaves. They can be treated by wiping them off with alcohol-soaked cotton swabs.
Mealybugs are white, cotton-like insects that suck the sap, causing yellowing leaves and stunted growth. They can be removed by wiping them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or using insecticidal soap. It is crucial to monitor the plant regularly for signs of pests and remove any affected leaves before it spreads.
