Overview
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is a species of orchid that is native to the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. It belongs to the family Orchidaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants in the world. This particular species is known for its beautiful and striking appearance, which makes it a popular choice for gardeners and collectors alike.
Common Names
The common name for Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is the "Usambara orchid." The name is derived from the mountain range where the plant is found, which is known for its unique and diverse flora and fauna. In Tanzania, the plant is also known as "Maua ya Usambara" in Swahili, which translates to "flowers of Usambara."
Appearance
The Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe plant is a small to medium-sized orchid that can reach heights of up to 30 centimeters. It has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that grow in a rosette pattern around the base of the stem. The stem itself is thin and can grow up to 10 centimeters long. The flowers of the Usambara orchid are the most striking feature of the plant, with large, deep purple petals that form a unique and intricate shape. The center of the flower is adorned with a bright yellow or orange spot, adding to the plant's striking appearance.
Uses
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is primarily grown for ornamental purposes. It is a popular choice for gardens, greenhouses, and as a houseplant due to its unique and striking appearance. In the wild, the plant is also used for traditional medicinal purposes by local communities. The roots of the Usambara orchid are used to make a tea that is believed to have healing properties for a variety of ailments.
Light requirements
The plant Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe requires moderate to bright indirect light for optimal growth. It is recommended to place the plant near a window facing east or west for partial sunlight exposure. Too much direct sunlight can burn the leaves and damage the plant.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is between 60-80°F (15-26°C). It is best to avoid exposing the plant to extreme temperatures below 50°F (10°C) and above 90°F (32°C). The plant also prefers a humid environment, so it is recommended to mist the leaves regularly or place a humidifier nearby.
Soil requirements
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level between 5.5-6.5. A suitable soil mix can be made by combining peat moss, perlite, and bark. It is important to avoid waterlogged soil as it can lead to root rot and damage the plant. Fertilize the plant once a month during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer.
Cultivation of Cynorkis Usambarae Rolfe
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is a terrestrial orchid species that is native to Tanzania. If you wish to cultivate this plant, you should keep it in an appropriately sized pot because it doesn't grow taller than 25cm and repot it annually after it has finished flowering. The plant has delicate roots that you should avoid damaging when repotting.
Watering Needs
Watering the Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe should be done regularly from spring to fall but sparingly in winter when the plant is dormant. This orchid species prefers slightly moist soil, but it is essential to avoid waterlogging, which can quickly cause root rot. Always make sure to use a pot with drainage holes and to discard any excess water that collects in the saucer.
Fertilization
When it comes to fertilizing the Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe, use a balanced water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength once every two weeks from late spring throughout summer. During winter, when the plant is dormant, suspend fertilization altogether. Do not over-fertilize the plant as this can lead to vegetation at the expense of flowering.
Pruning
Pruning the Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is not necessary as it doesn't require the removal of dead stems or flowers. If the plant outgrows its pot, you can repot it, but avoid cutting the roots unless it is entirely necessary.
Propagation of Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe is a ground orchid that can be propagated from seeds, division, and tissue culture.
Propagation from Seeds
Seeds of Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe are tiny and require a sterile medium for germination. The seeds should be surface-sown on a moist medium that is well-draining. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of vermiculite or fine sand to prevent them from being washed away. The seeds should be kept at a temperature of 70°F to 75°F and in bright, indirect light. Keep the soil moist but not overly wet. Germination may take several months.
Propagation by Division
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe can be propagated by division when the plant is mature and has several growth points. Carefully remove the plant from the soil and gently separate the growth points and their attached roots. Plant each division in its own container with well-draining potting soil. Keep the plant in a bright, indirect light and at a temperature of 70°F to 75°F. Keep the soil moist but not overly wet.
Propagation by Tissue Culture
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe can also be propagated through tissue culture. This method involves taking a small piece of tissue from the plant and placing it in a sterile nutrient medium to encourage the growth of new shoots and roots. This method requires specialized equipment and expertise and is typically done in a laboratory setting by trained professionals.
Disease and Pest Management for Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe, also known as the Usambara orchid, is an epiphytic orchid species from Tanzania and Kenya. Like other plants, Usambara orchids are susceptible to various pests and diseases.
Pests
One common pest that affects Usambara orchids is the mealybug. Mealybugs can cause stunted growth, yellowing, and wilting of leaves. Another common pest is spider mites, which can damage leaves and cause internal discoloration.
To manage these pests, first, inspect the plant regularly to catch early infestations. You can physically remove mealybugs with cotton swabs dipped in alcohol. For spider mites, spray the plant with water or insecticidal soap regularly to remove them. You may also use neem oil, which can suffocate both pests.
Diseases
The most common disease that affects Usambara orchids is fungal infection. Fungal infections can cause black spots, wilting, and yellowing of leaves. Another common disease is bacterial infection, which can cause wilting and rotting of the leaves.
To manage fungal infections, isolate the infected plant from others to prevent the spread of fungi spores. Remove the infected parts of the plant and treat it with fungicides like copper fungicide or sulfur spray. You can also improve air circulation and avoid overwatering to prevent fungal infections.
For bacterial infections, remove the infected areas and treat them with bactericides like copper fungicide or antibiotics. You can also prevent bacterial infections by avoiding overwatering to prevent waterlogging, which can facilitate bacterial growth.
Conclusion
Cynorkis usambarae Rolfe, like other plants, is susceptible to pests and diseases. Regular inspection, isolation, and treatment with natural or chemical methods can help prevent or manage the pests and diseases that affect the Usambara orchid.
