Description of Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. This plant is native to tropical Africa, specifically found in Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. It is a slow-growing tree that can reach a height of up to 25 meters. It commonly grows in the coastal savannas, mangroves, and Guinea-Congolian forests.
Common Names
This plant goes by many common names depending on the region. In Cameroon, it is called Moi (Bassa) or Ngue (Douala), while in Nigeria, it is known as Akpara or Orinoko. It is also referred to as River-Shield-maker in English due to its use in traditional medicine.
Uses
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms has several uses in traditional medicine across Africa. The bark of the tree is used to treat fever, respiratory problems, and stomach aches. The leaves are used to treat skin infections and wounds. Additionally, the tree's wood is resistant to termites, and its bark can produce durable and waterproof fibers, making it useful in various cultural practices. Due to its properties, this tree species is also being explored for its potential use in reforestation and reclaimed land restoration projects.
General Appearance
The Cynometra longepidicellata Harms has a distinct appearance. The tree's crown is densely foliated, with a conical shape. The bark of mature trees is rough, fissured and dark grey to black, while juvenile trees have smoother bark. The leaves have a glossy, dark green appearance, and the flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and have a sweet scent. The fruit is a flattened pod that turns a dark red-brown color when mature and typically contains a single seed.
Light Requirements
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms is a tropical plant that thrives well under partially shaded conditions. It requires ample light but not direct sunlight, which can scorch its leaves. The ideal location for the plant would be in areas with dappled sunlight under the canopy of other trees or in areas with bright but indirect light.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to tropical regions and performs best under warm conditions. It does not tolerate frost or extreme cold temperatures. The ideal temperature range for Cynometra longepidicellata Harms is between 20-30°C (68-86°F). Temperatures outside of this range can harm the plant and stunt growth.
Soil Requirements
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms grows best in rich, well-draining soil. Soil with a higher loam component is ideal as it provides good drainage and adequate moisture retention. The plant is not tolerant of waterlogged soils and may develop root rot if the roots stay in damp conditions for prolonged periods. It requires soil with a slightly acidic pH ranging between 5.5 to 6.5. Additionally, the plant benefits from regular fertilization to provide it with the nutrients it needs to grow and develop robust foliage.
Cultivation methods for Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms can be propagated from seeds and cuttings. Seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mix, kept moist but not waterlogged until germination occurs. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants, dipped in rooting hormone, and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The plants should be kept in a warm, humid environment until roots have developed.
Watering needs of Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms prefers consistently moist soil, but it is essential to avoid overwatering. Water the plants thoroughly to moisten the soil, and then wait until the top layer of soil is slightly dry to the touch before watering again. Watering once every two to three days during the growing season and less often, once a week, during winter months is usually recommended. It is essential to ensure that the plant is not sitting in standing water.
Fertilization for Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms requires regular fertilization to thrive. Applying balanced fertilizers, such as those with an N-P-K (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, can help to promote healthy growth. Fertilize the plants once a month during the growing season and less often, once every two months, during the winter months.
Pruning Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Pruning Cynometra longepidicellata Harms is necessary to promote healthy growth and prevent overcrowding. Pruning should be done in the spring before new growth appears. Cut off any dead branches, as well as any branches that are diseased or damaged. If the plant requires shaping, cut back excessive growth to maintain a desirable size and shape. It is essential to use sterile pruning tools to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms, commonly known as the African wild mango, belongs to the Fabaceae family. This plant can be propagated by both vegetative and seed methods.
Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation involves the use of vegetative parts of the plant like stem cuttings, root cuttings, and grafting. Stem cuttings with young and mature shoots can be used for propagation. The cuttings should be treated with rooting hormones.
The rooted cuttings can be transplanted in suitable soil media and kept under shade for some days. After a few weeks, they can be transplanted to polybags and finally into the main field.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is another viable method for propagating Cynometra longepidicellata Harms. The seeds should be sourced from healthy and mature fruits for better germination rate.
The seeds should be soaked in water overnight and then planted in seed trays or pots filled with a suitable soil mix. The trays or pots should be kept in a warm, humid, and sunny place. After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted into pots or bags and then to the field.
It is essential to note that Cynometra longepidicellata Harms requires a well-draining soil, proper irrigation, and sufficient sunlight for optimal growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Cynometra longepidicellata Harms
Cynometra longepidicellata Harms, commonly known as African red star apple, is a tropical fruit tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family. Like all plants, it is prone to attack by pests and diseases that can cause severe damage if not managed properly. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that affect the African red star apple tree and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Fungal diseases: The African red star apple tree is susceptible to various fungal diseases such as anthracnose, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. These diseases can cause defoliation, reduced fruit production, and even death of the plant.
To manage fungal diseases, it is recommended to prune any infected branches and destroy them to reduce the spread of the disease. Applying a fungicide can also help to prevent and control the spread of fungal diseases.
Bacterial diseases: Bacterial diseases such as crown gall and bacterial canker can also cause serious damage to the African red star apple tree.
Management of bacterial diseases involves removing any infected plant parts and applying a copper-based fungicide to prevent further spread of the disease.
Pests
Scale insects: Common scale insects that infest the African red star apple tree include soft scales and mealybugs. These pests suck sap from the plant and can cause yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fruit production.
To manage scale insects, use a soft-bristled brush or cotton swab to remove them from the plant. You can also use insecticides such as neem oil or insecticidal soap to control the pests.
Fruit borers: Fruit borers such as the cacao fruit borer and the cashew stem borer can cause severe damage to the fruit of the African red star apple tree.
To manage fruit borers, it is recommended to harvest the fruit before it becomes overripe as this is when the pests are likely to attack. You can also use sticky traps or apply insecticides to prevent the pests from infesting the fruit.
By implementing proper pest and disease management practices, you can ensure that your African red star apple tree stays healthy and produces an abundant harvest.
