Overview
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc., commonly known as Kenyan hound's tongue, is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Boraginaceae family. It is native to East Africa, specifically Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The plant is widely appreciated for its ornamental value and its medicinal properties.Appearance and Growth
Kenyan hound's tongue typically grows up to a height of 80 cm. It has glabrous, green leaves that are narrow and pointed with prominent midribs. The stem is erect, branched, and has a rough texture due to tiny hairs that cover its surface. The flowers are small, blue, and funnel-shaped, and they grow in clusters that arise from the axils of the leaves. The plant blooms from June to September.Uses
Kenyan hound's tongue has long been used for medicinal purposes. Its roots contain a substance known as cynoglossine that has antitussive, expectorant, and diuretic properties. The plant has been used to treat various respiratory ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, and colds. It has also been used as a sedative and a pain reliever. In addition to its medicinal properties, Kenyan hound's tongue is also an ornamental plant. Its attractive flowers and foliage make it a popular choice for gardens, and it is often grown as an annual in cooler climates.Conclusion
Kenyan hound's tongue is a versatile plant that is valued for both its medicinal properties and its ornamental value. Its striking blue flowers and green foliage make it a popular choice for gardeners, while its roots have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments.Light Requirements
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. In areas with extreme heat, partial shade may be necessary to prevent scorching.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species prefers moderate temperatures ranging from 19-26°C (66-78°F). It can tolerate temperature fluctuations down to 10°C (50°F) and up to 30°C (86°F) but may experience decreased growth rates and blooming in these extreme temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. thrives in well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. The soil texture can range from sandy loam to loamy soil. Organic matter in the soil helps improve its water retention and nutrient composition, supporting the plant's growth and health.
Cultivation
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. is a hardy plant that can thrive in most soil types. However, it grows best in well-draining soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. It is a cold-tolerant plant that can withstand mild frost and grows well in full sun to partial shade. The plant can be propagated from seeds, which should be sown in spring or fall. The seedlings need to be transplanted to their permanent position after reaching a height of 10 cm.
Watering needs
To avoid waterlogging, ensure that the soil is well-draining. Water the plant regularly, especially during the hot and dry period. Avoid over-watering the plant, as excessive moisture in the soil can cause root rot and other fungal diseases. During the winter months, water the plant sparingly as the plant goes into a dormant phase.
Fertilization
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. requires minimal fertilizer to grow well. During the early stages of growth, a little bit of organic fertilizer can be added to the soil to provide the plant with the necessary nutrients. Nitrogen-based fertilizers should be avoided as they encourage vegetative growth, which is not desirable for this plant.
Pruning
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. does not require much pruning. Removing spent flowers and deadheading will encourage the plant to produce more flowers, and it will look more attractive. If the plant grows too tall or becomes too wide, you can trim it back to maintain a neat shape. Pruning should be done during the spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing.
Propagation of Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc.
Propagation of Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. is usually done through seeds or stem cuttings. It is a relatively easy plant to propagate and the following methods can be employed:
Seed propagation
The plant produces a significant amount of seeds, and these can be used to propagate new plants. The best time to collect the seeds is when the seedpods start to dry up. Once the seeds are collected, they should be stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted. Seeds can be sown indoors in the late winter or early spring or directly in the garden during the early summer months. They should be sown in well-drained soil, covered with a thin layer of soil, and kept moist until they germinate, which usually takes 10-15 days.
Stem cuttings propagation
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. The best time to take stem cuttings is during the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Cut the stem about 3-4 inches below the leaf node, remove any leaves from the lower part of the stem, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in well-draining soil, water it well, and cover it with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. Keep the cutting out of direct sunlight and in a warm location. Roots should start to form within a month, and the plant can be transplanted to the garden or a larger pot once the roots have developed.
Disease Management
Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Fungal Diseases: This plant can be affected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot. These diseases cause discoloration, necrosis, and defoliation of the affected parts. It is advisable to apply a fungicide as a preventive measure, and in case of an infection, remove the infected parts immediately and dispose of them properly.
- Bacterial Diseases: Bacterial diseases such as leaf blight can cause wilting, yellowing, and necrosis of the leaves and stems. The use of copper-based fungicides can help in preventing the spread of these diseases.
- Viral Diseases: This plant is also susceptible to viral diseases such as mosaic virus that can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and leaf mottling. The best approach is to prevent the entry of viruses in the field, and if an infection occurs, remove the infected plants immediately.
Pest Management
Some common pests that can affect Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. subsp. kenyense Verdc. include:
- Aphids: Aphids suck sap from the plant and cause the leaves to curl. To control aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular scouting and removal of heavily infested plants can also minimize their population.
- Leafhoppers: Leafhoppers cause stippling on the leaves, yellowing, and distortion of the leaves andflowers. Insecticidal soap and neem oil can also be used to manage them.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites feed on the plant sap and cause stunted growth, yellowing, and necrosis of the leaves. They can be controlled using horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
