Overview
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi is a type of grass commonly known as Bermuda grass or couch grass. It is a widely-used pasture grass that can also be used for soil conservation, lawn grass, and recreational areas.
Origin
Bermuda grass is native to Africa and was introduced to the United States during the early colonial period. It is now widespread throughout tropical and subtropical regions.
Common Names
Bermuda grass is known by many common names including couch grass, Indian doab, devil's grass, wiregrass, and scutch grass.
Uses
Bermuda grass has a variety of uses including use as a lawn grass, pasture grass, and soil conservator. It is tolerant of heat, drought, and salt, making it a popular choice in warmer climates. Additionally, it is used for recreational areas such as parks, golf courses, and sports fields.
Appearance
Bermuda grass has a fine texture and green blades that can reach up to 6 inches in length. It has a shallow root system and can spread aggressively via creeping rhizomes, which allows it to withstand heavy foot traffic. The grass can produce burrs that can stick to clothing or animal fur, making it a nuisance for pets and livestock.
hereLight Requirements
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi grows best in full sunlight. It requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Any shade for prolonged periods can cause poor growth, which may result in a sparsely grassy lawn.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers loamy soil, but it can tolerate sandy or clay soils with proper irrigation. The soil must be well-drained, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It cannot tolerate waterlogged soil, and the roots may rot in such conditions. The soil must be rich in organic matter, and regular fertilization is necessary to promote healthy green growth.
Temperature Requirements
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi thrives well in warm temperatures, usually between 25 to 35°C. At temperatures below 15°C, the plant stops growing completely. It does not tolerate frost and can only survive in winter if the temperature does not go below 5°C. During the summer, the plant may go dormant if there is no rainfall, and its growth can be rekindled with proper watering.
Cultivation Methods
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi, commonly known as Bermuda Haygrass, should be grown in well-drained and fertile soils with a pH range of 6-7. It requires full sun exposure for optimal growth and development. The plant is highly adaptable and can tolerate different environmental conditions.
Watering Needs
Bermuda Haygrass should be watered regularly, especially during the hot and dry periods. It has low to moderate water requirements, and the soil should be moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases that can affect the plant's growth and development. Irrigation systems can be set up to provide consistent watering.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to maintain its lush green growth and optimal health. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required by Bermuda Haygrass for its growth. A balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be used. Fertilizers should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and based on the soil conditions. Overuse of fertilizers can lead to excessive growth and weak stems.
Pruning
Bermuda Haygrass requires regular pruning to maintain its height and promote denser growth. The plant can be cut down to a height of 4-5 cm every 2-4 weeks during the growing season. Mowing should be done when the grass is dry to prevent damage to the blades and ensure a good cut. Regular pruning also helps to prevent weeds and keeps the grass looking neat and tidy.
Propagation of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. sarmentosus Parodi, commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a lawn and pasture grass that can be propagated through different methods, including:
Seed propagation
Bermuda grass produces viable seeds that can be collected and used for propagation. To propagate the plant through seeds, the seeds should be collected when they turn brown and start to fall off. The collected seeds can be sown directly in the field after removing any weed or plant residues. The seeds should be planted shallowly and covered lightly with soil. Water generously after planting, and make sure that the seeds do not dry out during the germination period.
Sprig propagation
Sprig propagation is another effective method for propagating Bermuda grass. Sprigs are small pieces of the plant that include both roots and above-ground portions. To propagate through sprigs, cut the plant into pieces around 2-4 inches in length, including at least one node. Plant the sprigs in a well-prepared area, making sure that the nodes are covered by soil while the shoots are left on top. Keep the sprigs moist during the establishment period to ensure their survival.
Stolon propagation
Bermuda grass can also be propagated through stolons, horizontal stems that emerge from the parent plant and root in the soil. To propagate through stolons, runners or pieces of stolon can be cut and planted directly in the field. The stolons should be planted around 6-8 inches apart and covered with soil. Ensure that the soil remains moist during the establishment period.
Overall, Bermuda grass can be propagated through different methods. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of propagation method depends on the specific needs of the grower.
Disease Management
Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Parodi is not known to be highly susceptible to many diseases. However, it can be infected by various fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Curvularia lunata, and Bipolaris sorokiniana.
To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain good sanitation practices by removing infected plant debris and avoiding overhead irrigation, especially during humid conditions. Fungicides may also be applied according to their label instructions to control infections. It is important to apply fungicides early on in the disease development for the best results.
Pest Management
Cynodon dactylon var. sarmentosus Parodi is susceptible to several insect pests such as Sphenophorus sp., corn silk fly, and mole crickets. Sphenophorus sp. can cause severe damage by burrowing into the plant stems and base, causing the plants to wilt and eventually die.
Control of these insect pests can be achieved through cultural and chemical methods. Cultural methods may include the use of beneficial insects, proper irrigation and fertilization practices, and regular mowing to maintain a healthy lawn. Insecticides may also be used according to the manufacturer's directions. It is important to apply insecticides when the insects are actively feeding for the best control.
