Description of Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore is a succulent perennial plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. It is commonly known as the "Tanzanian wax plant" or "Tanzanian spinster." It is native to Tanzania, East Africa, and is found in the coastal and inland regions of the country.
Appearance of Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore
The plant has a unique appearance, with thick, fleshy, and succulent stems that can grow up to 25 cm long. The stems are green, with a hint of purple, and are slightly hairy. The leaves are arranged alternatively on the stems and are ovate or oblong in shape, 4-8 cm long, and 3-4 cm wide. They are glossy green and hairless on the upper surface and slightly hairy on the lower surface.
The plant produces small, greenish-yellow flowers that grow in clusters. The flowers have a strong, sweet scent and bloom in summer and fall. The fruit is a long, slender, and pointed pod that is about 15 cm long and 3 mm thick.
Uses of Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore is valued for its medicinal properties. It has been used by the local communities in Tanzania to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria, fever, and diarrhea. The plant is also used to make traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer and AIDS.
In addition, the plant is used for ornamental purposes. It is grown in gardens and parks for its attractive appearance and sweet-smelling flowers. The succulent stems and foliage of the plant make it an ideal plant for xeriscaping and drought-tolerant gardens.
The Tanzanian wax plant is also used in the production of wax. The stems of the plant are cut, and the waxy substance is removed and melted to form a waxy substance akin to beeswax.
In conclusion, Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore is a unique and versatile plant that is valued for its medicinal properties, ornamental value, and wax production. It is a fascinating species that has a lot of potential for further research and development.
Light Requirements:
The Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore is categorized as a plant that requires full sunlight exposure. Thus, it grows well under direct sunlight and cannot flourish in shady areas. Therefore, it is recommended to grow this plant in an outdoor area with minimal shading where abundant sunlight is available for at least six hours a day.
Temperature Requirements:
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore can grow well in a warm environment. The ideal temperature range for the germination of seeds is between 20°C to 25°C. After germination, the plants can tolerate warmer temperatures that range from 25°C to 35°C. These warm temperatures are important for the growth and development of the plant, and lower temperatures can hamper its growth rate. Therefore, it is recommended to grow this plant in a warm temperate climate.
Soil Requirements:
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soil. The soil should be slightly alkaline with a pH of 7 to 8.5. It is recommended to enrich the soil with organic matter such as compost before planting. This helps in holding the soil moisture for long periods and provides important nutrients to the plant as it grows. It is also recommended to avoid planting in salty or waterlogged soil as it may negatively affect the plant's growth.
Cultivation of Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore, commonly known as climbing milkweed or twining milkweed, is a climbing perennial found in East Africa. When cultivating this plant, it is essential to choose a sunny location with well-draining soil.
It is also recommended to grow Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore from fresh seeds. Sow the seeds in trays or small pots with a mixture of soil and sand. Keep the soil moist and warm, and make sure the seeds receive enough light.
After germination, transplant the seedlings into the prepared growing site. Maintain a spacing of about 30cm between each plant, as they tend to spread quickly.
Watering Needs
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore prefers moderate watering. Water the plant regularly but avoid over-watering, which can cause root rot and other water-related problems.
Drought stress may cause loss of foliage and stunted growth. Therefore it is important to maintain a moderate watering routine for proper growth and development of the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilization is key for ensuring the health and vigour of Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore. Use a balanced slow-release fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12 after every three months.
Apply the fertilizer in small quantities and avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to toxic build-up in the soil and result in burning the plant's roots.
Pruning
Pruning Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore is necessary, especially when the plant gets old. Prune the plant regularly to encourage bushier growth and to remove any dead or diseased parts.
Pruning in late winter or early spring before the plant starts producing new growth is advisable. Be careful to avoid pruning off the new growth needed for the plant's upward climb.
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore can also handle aggressive pruning to keep its size in check and promote more flowering.
Propagation of Cynanchum Gossweileri S.Moore
There are several methods of propagating Cynanchum Gossweileri S.Moore, including:
Seed Propagation
One of the easiest and most common ways to propagate Cynanchum Gossweileri S.Moore is through seeds. The seeds should be collected while they are still green and slightly immature. After collection, they should be dried in a warm, well-ventilated area for a few days. Once dry, the seeds can be stored in an airtight container until it's time to plant them.
Before planting, the seeds should be soaked in water for 24 to 48 hours to help soften their tough outer layer. After soaking, they can be sowed directly into pots or trays filled with a good quality seed-starting mix. The seeds should be planted just below the surface of the soil and watered regularly to keep them moist.
Cuttings Propagation
Cynanchum Gossweileri S.Moore can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the plant's growing season, which is typically in the spring or early summer. Using a sharp, clean knife or pair of scissors, take a 4- to 6-inch cutting from the tip of a healthy stem. Remove the lower leaves from the stem, leaving just a few at the top.
Dip the cut end of the stem into rooting hormone powder and plant it into a pot or tray filled with a good quality potting mix. Water the cutting thoroughly and cover it with a plastic bag or dome to create a humid environment. Place the pot or tray in a warm, well-lit area, but out of direct sunlight. After a few weeks, the cutting should have rooted and can be transplanted into a larger pot or planted directly into the ground.
Division Propagation
If the Cynanchum Gossweileri S.Moore plant has grown large enough, it can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections, each with its own root system. To do this, carefully dig up the plant and gently separate the roots into smaller sections using a clean, sharp knife or pair of gardening shears.
Each section should have several stems and a healthy root system. Replant the sections into pots or directly into the ground, making sure to water them thoroughly.
Whichever method is used, it's important to keep the newly propagated plants well-watered and protected from extreme temperatures and direct sunlight until they become established.
Disease and Pest Management for Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore
Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore, also known as the African milkweed, is a perennial herb that belongs to the family of Apocynaceae. Here are some common diseases and pests affecting the plant and how to manage them:
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot
Leaf spot disease is a common problem in Cynanchum gossweileri. It is caused by a fungus that attacks the leaves and causes them to yellow and eventually fall off, leading to stunted plant growth. To manage this disease, remove and destroy any visibly infected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation around the plant to prevent the spread of the disease. In severe cases, you can use fungicides to control the disease.
2. Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that affects Cynanchum gossweileri. It appears as a white or gray powder on leaves, stems, and flowers. To control this disease, prune affected plant parts and dispose of them properly. You can also use fungicides or natural remedies such as neem oil to control powdery mildew.
Pests
1. Aphids
Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant, stunting its growth and causing deformation of leaves and stems. To control aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil sprays, or release natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
2. Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, causing them to turn yellow or brown. They also spin webs on the leaves. To control spider mites, spray the plant with soapy water or neem oil, or release predatory mites, such as Phytoseiulus persimilis, that feed on spider mites.
3. Caterpillars
Caterpillars are the larval stages of butterflies and moths that feed on the leaves of the plant, leading to defoliation and stunted growth. To control caterpillars, handpick them off the plant or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) pesticide.
By implementing these disease and pest management practices, you can keep your Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore healthy and thriving.
