Origin
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede, commonly known as "Bushman’s rubber vine," is a plant species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is native to South Africa, specifically in the Eastern Cape Province.Common Names
This plant is commonly known by several other names, including "Wonderplant," "Climbing milkweed," "Draadloper," and "Gewone melkbos."Appearance
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium is a perennial climber that can reach up to 15m in length. Its stems are woody and develop a gnarled appearance as they age. The leaves of this plant are simple and spirally arranged, with blade-like shapes measuring up to 10cm in length and 2.5cm in width. The upper surface of the leaves is green in color, while the lower surface is paler, with tiny cilia-like hairs. The plant's flowers are small and white, star-shaped, and grow in clusters. The fruits are long, thin, and cylindrical, containing numerous seeds with silky white hairs.Uses
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium has traditional medicinal benefits in South Africa, where various parts of the plant are used to treat different ailments. The roots of this plant have been known to be used as an emetic and laxative. Additionally, this plant has great value in the horticultural trade as an ornamental climber due to its attractive leaves and flowers. However, its invasive nature has made it a problematic weed in many regions around the world, and efforts are underway to control its spread.Light Requirements
The Cynanchum clavidens subsp. hastifolium typically prefers full sun to partial shade. It is highly adapted to long day photoperiods, where the plants require approximately 12 to 14 hours of light each day.
Temperature Requirements
The temperature requirements for Cynanchum clavidens subsp. hastifolium are quite specific, as they can only tolerate a narrow range. These plants require the temperatures between 15 to 25-degree centigrade for optimum growth. The plant does not tolerate frost or extreme cold temperatures, and It will lead to the plant's death.
Soil Requirements
The plant can grow in most soil types, but it prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soil with neutral pH levels. The soil must be nutrient-rich and moderately fertile to support the plant's growth. The soil should also have good water retention as the plant requires adequate moisture to thrive.
Cultivation
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede is an excellent plant for both indoor and outdoor cultivation. It prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter and loamy texture. It can thrive in full sun to partial shade and needs temperatures between 20°C to 30°C for optimal growth. The plant grows well in zones 9 to 11, but it can also grow in other regions as a houseplant. The plant is ideal for containers, and it can grow well in hanging baskets too.Watering Needs
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede needs regular watering to grow healthy. Water the plant once the soil is dry to the touch, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. During winter, reduce the watering frequency and ensure the plant does not sit in water.Fertilization
Fertilize Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede once every two weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer to enhance the plant's growth and flowering. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to salt buildup, which can harm the plant.Pruning
Prune Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede regularly to encourage new growth and maintain its shape. Trim the plant stem tips to control its height and remove any dead or yellow leaves. Use sharp pruning tools to avoid injuring the plant tissues. Pruning also helps to minimize pest and disease problems.Propagation of Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede can be propagated through various methods such as:
Seed propagation
The plant produces small, flattened, and reddish-brown seeds. The seeds can be sown in spring or fall in a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist until germination occurs. Germination typically takes 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the conditions.
Cutting propagation
Cuttings can be taken during the growing season from new growth. Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to take cuttings that are 5-7 cm long with at least two sets of leaves. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting, leaving a few sets of leaves at the tip. Dip the end of the cutting in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a bright, but not direct, light. Roots should form in about 4-6 weeks.
Division
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede can also be propagated by division in spring or fall. Divide the plant carefully, making sure each division has roots attached. Replant the divisions in new pots or in the ground, being careful not to plant them too deeply.
Disease and Pest Management for Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede
Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede is a plant that is generally robust and resistant to many diseases and pests. However, like any other plant, it can still be affected by certain diseases and pests. Management of these diseases and pests is necessary to keep the plant healthy and thriving.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Cynanchum clavidens is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, it is important to keep the foliage dry. Limit overhead watering and maintain good air circulation around the plant. If necessary, apply a fungicide to control the disease.
Another disease that can affect Cynanchum clavidens is leaf spot. Leaf spot is a fungal disease that creates small brown spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves immediately and dispose of them to prevent further spread. Apply a fungicide to protect the plant and prevent further infection.
Common Pests
Aphids are a common pest that can affect Cynanchum clavidens. Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to wilt and form distorted growth. To manage aphids, wash the plants with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. Alternatively, apply insecticidal soap or a natural predator to control the aphids.
Spider mites are another common pest that can affect Cynanchum clavidens. Spider mites are tiny, spider-like insects that spin webs on the plant and suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and eventually fall off. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a miticide and improve the air circulation around the plant to reduce humidity.
In conclusion, proper disease and pest management is essential to keep Cynanchum clavidens N.E.Br. subsp. hastifolium (N.E.Br.) Liede healthy and thriving. Regular monitoring for signs of disease and pests, and timely intervention can prevent any severe damage to the plant.
