Origin of Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners
Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners, commonly known as Barbigerum vine, is a species of plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is native to the Chihuahuan Desert, which stretches across parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Common Names of Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners
Aside from its scientific name and the common name Barbigerum vine, Cynanchum barbigerum is also known as the Beard-stemmed milkweed, due to the beard-like hairs covering its stems. It is sometimes referred to as Escobilla, which is Spanish for "little broom" and may refer to its brush-like appearance.
Appearance of Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners
Cynanchum barbigerum is a perennial vine that can grow up to 8 feet tall, up to 3 meters tall. It has a succulent stem that is covered in soft, white, hair-like structures that give the plant its "bearded" appearance. The leaves of the plant are thick and leathery, oblong in shape and have a glossy texture. The Barbigerum vine flowers are small, pink and fragrant, and bloom from July to October.
Uses of Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners
Barbigerum vine has been traditionally used in Mexican folk medicine to treat various ailments, such as digestive problems, respiratory distress, and snakebites. The plant contains several active compounds, including cardiac glycosides, which have been studied for their potential anticancer properties. However, the plant also contains toxic compounds, and its use as a medicinal herb should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Light Requirements
Cynanchum barbigerum typically requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It can tolerate some shade but prolonged shady conditions may result in stunted growth.
Temperature Needs
This plant is native to North America and is well-adapted to a wide range of temperature conditions. It can survive in both high and low temperatures, but prefers warm temperatures ranging from 18 to 24°C during the growing season.
Soil Requirements
Cynanchum barbigerum grows well in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. This plant is adaptable to various soil types, including sandy soils, loamy soils, and clay soils. It thrives in soil that is moist but not waterlogged, so it is important to avoid overwatering.
Cultivation
Cynanchum barbigerum, commonly known as Scheele's swallow-wort, is a herbaceous perennial plant that is most commonly cultivated using seeds. To grow this plant, you need to start by preparing the soil bed where the seeds will be planted. The soil bed should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. You can add compost to the soil bed to make it rich in nutrients. Sow the seeds on top of the soil bed and cover them lightly with soil. The seeds should be sown about ¼ inch deep into the soil bed.
Watering Needs
Cynanchum barbigerum requires regular watering to thrive. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. You can water the plant once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions. During the hot summer months, you may need to water the plant more frequently to prevent it from drying out. Avoid overwatering the plant, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. You can use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer around the base of the plant, following the manufacturer's instructions. Fertilize the plant once every two to three months during the growing season.
Pruning
Cynanchum barbigerum does not require regular pruning, but it benefits from occasional trimming. You can prune the plant in the early spring to remove any dead or damaged stems and to promote new growth. You can also trim the plant to shape it as desired. Use clean pruning shears to avoid spreading any diseases.
Propagation of Cynanchum barbigerum
Cynanchum barbigerum, also known as Scheele's swallow-wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to Mexico and parts of the southwestern United States. Propagation of this species can be achieved through three primary methods: seed, stem cuttings, and root division.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation of Cynanchum barbigerum by seed is the most common method. Seeds should be collected in the fall after the fruits have matured and turned brown. The seeds should then be cleaned and scarified, which can be done by nicking the seed coat with a small file or sandpaper. Scarification helps to break down the hard outer shell of the seed, which allows for better water absorption and germination. The seeds should then be stratified for four to six weeks in a moist, cool location before sowing in a well-draining seed starting mix. Seedlings should emerge within four to six weeks and can be transplanted after they have reached a suitable size.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation of Cynanchum barbigerum by stem cuttings can be done in early spring or late summer. Cuttings should be taken from the top 2-3 inches of new growth that is free from flower buds or seed pods. The cuttings should then be dipped in a rooting hormone and placed in a moist, well-draining growing medium. Cuttings can be covered with a plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect, which will help to keep the cuttings moist and warm. Rooting should occur within three to four weeks, and the new plants can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the garden.
Propagation by Root Division
Propagation of Cynanchum barbigerum by root division is best done in early spring or fall, when the plant is dormant. Using a sharp, clean garden knife, the root ball should be divided into sections, each with their own growing point or bud. The sections should be replanted immediately in a well-draining medium and watered well. Dividing the root ball will not only produce new plants, but it will also help to invigorate the mother plant, leading to stronger growth and flowering.
Disease and Pest Management for Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners
Cynanchum barbigerum is a plant that can be affected by a number of diseases and pests that can cause damage and reduce growth. Here are some common diseases and pests of cynanchum barbigerum and how to manage them:
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases are a common problem for Cynanchum barbigerum. Some common fungal infections that affect this plant include leaf spot and powdery mildew. To manage these diseases, remove any infected plant parts and dispose of them in the trash. Fungicides can also be used according to label instructions.
Viral Diseases
Cynanchum barbigerum can also suffer from viral infections. There are no chemical controls for viruses, so the best way to manage them is to remove and destroy infected plants to prevent the spread of the virus.
Bacterial Diseases
Bacterial infections are another potential problem for Cynanchum barbigerum. Crown gall is a bacterial disease that causes the formation of large growths on the roots and stems of the plant. Disease management involves removing and destroying infected plants. It is also important to avoid wounding the plant during pruning or handling, as this can create entry points for bacteria.
Aphids
Aphids are common pests that can infest Cynanchum barbigerum. These small, soft-bodied insects feed on plant sap, which can cause the leaves to become distorted and yellow. A forceful stream of water can help to dislodge aphids from the plant. Insecticides can also be used according to label instructions.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are another common pest of Cynanchum barbigerum. These tiny pests feed on the plant sap, causing the leaves to appear stippled or speckled. A forceful stream of water can be used to dislodge spider mites from the plant. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used to control spider mites.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars can also be a problem for Cynanchum barbigerum. These insects feed on the leaves of the plant, which can cause significant damage over time. Handpicking caterpillars can be an effective control method for small infestations. For larger infestations, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) can be applied to the plant according to label instructions.
By taking steps to manage diseases and pests, gardeners can protect the health and vitality of their Cynanchum barbigerum plants.
