Origin
Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy, also known as East African lemon grass, is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to East Africa.
Common Names
East African lemon grass is also known by a variety of common names, including citronella grass, fever grass, rosha, and West Indian lemongrass.
Uses
East African lemon grass is commonly used in traditional medicines to treat fever, stomach ailments, and rheumatism. It is also used as a natural mosquito repellent due to its high citral content. In addition, the plant is used in the production of perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics due to its pleasant aroma.
General Appearance
East African lemon grass is a fragrant and bushy plant that can grow up to 3 meters tall. It has long, slender leaves that are blue-green in color and taper to a point. The leaves grow in tight bunches from the base of the plant and have a lemon-like fragrance when crushed. The stem of the plant is stiff and woody, and the plant produces tall flower spikes with fluffy brown flowers.
Light Requirements
Cymbopogon plurinodis requires plenty of sunlight to thrive. It does well in areas that receive full sun and partial shade. It is recommended to place this plant in a location that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight exposure per day. If the plant does not get enough sunlight, it might become weak and susceptible to diseases.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows well in warm climates with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C. It can tolerate high temperatures and humidity levels and can even grow in arid regions. However, it cannot withstand extreme cold conditions and frost.
Soil Requirements
Cymbopogon plurinodis prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.5. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged. The plant does not do well in poorly drained soils because its roots tend to rot in such conditions. Adding compost and organic matter to the soil can improve soil quality and fertility, which can enhance the growth of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Cymbopogon plurinodis, commonly known as East African lemongrass, is native to East Africa and is cultivated for its essential oil. The plant thrives in warm, humid environments and can grow up to 3 meters in height. To cultivate C. plurinodis, you will need well-draining soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. The plant requires full sun exposure and should be planted in an area with good air circulation.
Watering Needs
While C. plurinodis needs regular watering, care should be taken not to over-water the plant, as it can lead to root rot. The plant should be watered approximately twice a week, especially during the growth phase. During the dormant phase, the plant can be watered once a week or less. It is important to avoid waterlogging the soil.
Fertilization
Fertilization is crucial in the cultivation of C. plurinodis. Use a balanced fertilizer with a 6:6:6 NPK ratio and apply it to the soil twice yearly, preferably during the rainy season. It is also beneficial to add organic matter to the soil to improve its structure and nutrient content.
Pruning
Pruning helps to stimulate growth and increase the yield of essential oil. C. plurinodis should be pruned several times a year, especially after harvesting. During pruning, remove the older leaves and stems, leaving the newer growth. This helps to encourage the growth of new shoots and increase the yield of essential oil. It is also important to tidy up the base of the plant by removing any dead or damaged leaves or stems.
Propagation of Cymbopogon plurinodis
Cymbopogon plurinodis is a tropical grass that is commonly used for its medicinal and culinary properties. Propagation of this plant can be done through several methods, including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and division.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation of Cymbopogon plurinodis is relatively easy. The seeds are small and can be sown directly into well-draining soil or seed trays. It is important to maintain a consistent level of moisture to promote germination, and the seedlings should be provided with adequate sunlight to encourage healthy growth.
Stem Cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is a popular method for Cymbopogon plurinodis. Select a healthy stem that is approximately 10-15cm long and remove any leaves from the lower half of the stem. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone and place it in a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting and place it in a warm, bright location. In a few weeks, new growth should appear, indicating successful propagation.
Division
Propagation by division involves separating an established plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots and shoots. This method can be used to rejuvenate older plants and increase the number of plants available. Carefully dig up the plant and separate it into sections, taking care not to damage the roots. Replant the sections into well-draining soil and water them well.
By following these methods, propagating Cymbopogon plurinodis can be a rewarding experience for any gardener or plant enthusiast.
Disease Management
Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy is vulnerable to various fungal and bacterial diseases. To prevent these diseases, it is recommended to maintain proper sanitation practices, such as removing dead leaves, cleaning pruning tools, and keeping the area around the plant free from debris. In addition, avoiding excessive irrigation and overcrowding plants can also prevent fungal growth.
If the plant has already been infected, the best management strategies would be to use fungicides such as copper-based products or biological control agents like Bacillus subtilis.
Pest Management
Several pests can affect the Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy. These include mealybugs, aphids, and mites. To prevent their infestation, it is recommended to practice good sanitation, such as removing any fallen leaves and regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests.
If an infestation is detected, control measures may include introducing natural predators like ladybugs, using insecticidal soaps, or neem oil. As a last resort, chemical pesticides can also be used.
