Origin
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf is a species of grass in the family Poaceae, native to tropical Africa, especially in Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, and Cameroon.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as African Lemon Grass, Etiópia Capim-Limão, or Feuille De Cadeau.
General Appearance
Cymbopogon divaricatus is a tall perennial grass that can reach a height of up to 2.5 meters. The leaves are long and narrow, measuring approximately 100 cm by 1.5 cm, and are gray-green or bluish-green in color. The culms are erect and hairless, and can grow up to 5 mm in diameter. This species has a characteristic lemony aroma due to its high concentration of essential oils.
Uses
Cymbopogon divaricatus is used for its essential oil, which is rich in citral. The oil is commonly used as a flavoring and fragrance in the food and cosmetics industries. In traditional African medicine, the plant is used to treat various ailments, such as fever, malaria, and digestive disorders. The leaves are also used as a natural insect repellent. It is also used as an ornamental plant in landscaping.
Light Requirements
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf thrives under full sun exposure. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the plant is exposed to direct sunlight for at least six hours a day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical regions and requires warm temperatures to grow adequately. The optimum temperature range for Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf is between 25-35°C. However, it can survive in temperatures as low as 18°C.
Soil Requirements
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf prefers well-drained, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0-8.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter to enhance water retention and nutrient availability.
It is advisable to cultivate the plant in raised beds to enhance drainage in sites with heavy soils. The plant is also sensitive to waterlogged soil and hence should not be overwatered.
Cultivation
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf is a tropical plant that prefers warm temperatures. It can be grown indoors as well as outdoors. Outdoors, it is important to ensure it receives direct sunlight of at least 6 hours daily. The plant grows well in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate slightly acidic to neutral pH soils.
Watering Needs
The plant does not require frequent watering and can withstand periods of drought. However, it is important to keep the soil moist during the initial stages of growth. The plant should be watered once a week, ensuring that the soil is thoroughly soaked. Over-watering can lead to root rot and killing the plant.
Fertilization
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf requires occasional fertilization to promote growth. A balanced liquid fertilizer can be applied to the soil every two to three weeks during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing the plant as it can lead to leaf burn and other complications.
Pruning
Pruning is required to stimulate growth and keep the plant in good shape. It is important to use sharp and clean gardening tools to avoid damaging the plant. The plant can be pruned throughout the growing season by removing old and dry leaves and stems. Deadheading the plant also promotes the production of new flowers and leaves.
Propagation of Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf:
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf is a perennial grass that originates from South Africa and grows up to 1.5 meters tall. It is commonly grown for its essential oil, which has numerous therapeutic benefits. Propagation of this plant can be done using the following methods:
Seed Propagation:
Cymbopogon divaricatus can be propagated from seeds that are collected in the wild or obtained from seed companies. The seeds should be sown in seed trays or small pots filled with a well-drained growing medium and kept in a warm, humid place. The seeds take about 2-3 weeks to germinate, and once the seedlings have grown to a reasonable size, they can be transplanted to a larger container or directly to the field.
Division:
Division is the easiest and quickest method to propagate Cymbopogon divaricatus. When the plant has matured, it can be divided into smaller sections that can be replanted in a new location. Each section must have a healthy root system and a few shoots to ensure survival. The optimal time for division is in spring or autumn.
Cuttings:
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Cymbopogon divaricatus. Softwood cuttings taken in spring or early summer can be used to propagate the plant. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-drained growing medium. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid place and watered regularly. Once the cuttings have rooted and started to grow, they can be transplanted to a larger container or field.
Disease Management
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf is susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Blast: This fungal disease can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves. To manage blast, pruning and removing infected leaves and applying a fungicide can be helpful.
- Leaf Spot: This bacterial disease appears as small, black spots on the leaves. Removing infected leaves and applying a bactericide can help manage leaf spot.
- Root Rot: This fungal disease can cause stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Proper soil drainage and avoiding overwatering can help prevent root rot. Applying a fungicide can also be helpful.
Pest Management
Cymbopogon divaricatus Stapf can also be affected by several pests, including:
- Aphids: These small insects can suck the sap of the plant and cause curling and yellowing of leaves. Using insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage aphids.
- Mealybugs: These insects can feed on the plant and produce a waxy coating that can lead to stunted growth. Applying a solution of alcohol and water or a horticultural oil can help manage mealybugs.
- Caterpillars: These larvae can feed on the leaves of the plant, causing significant damage. Picking off caterpillars by hand or using a biological pesticide can help manage caterpillars.
