Origin
Cymbopogon connatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov. var. muticus Chiov. is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Africa. It is commonly found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as East African Lemon Grass or simply African Lemon Grass. Its local names include "Tebonik" in Ethiopia, "Mchaichai" in Kenya, and "Mchaazi" in Tanzania.
Uses
The African Lemon Grass has many uses. It is widely used in traditional medicine and is known for its antifungal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant is also used to treat fever, stomach problems, and respiratory infections.
In addition, the plant has culinary applications. It is used to add flavor and aroma to dishes, especially in African cuisines. The oil extracted from the plant is used in the production of perfumes, soaps, and other cosmetics. The plant is also used for erosion control and as a garden ornamental.
General Appearance
Cymbopogon connatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov. var. muticus Chiov. is a tall plant that can grow up to 1.5 meters in height. It has long and slender leaves that are green in color and can grow up to 90 cm in length and 1 cm in width. The stem is green and can be smooth or slightly hairy. The plant produces small and inconspicuous flowers that are purple or brown in color.
Light Requirements
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus Chiov. prefers full sunlight exposure. It requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily to grow optimally. It can grow in partial shade, but it may not reach its full potential in terms of size, yield, or essential oil production.
Temperature Requirements
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus Chiov. is a tropical grass that thrives in warm to hot temperatures ranging from 20-37°C (68-99°F). It cannot tolerate frost and cannot grow successfully in temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Hence, it is only suitable for cultivation in areas with a warm and humid climate.
Soil Requirements
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus Chiov. is adaptable to a range of soil types, but it prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soils with a pH of 4.5-.7.5. It does not grow well in waterlogged or clay soils. Organic matter and adequate moisture content in the soil are necessary to support proper growth and development of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus is a hardy perennial plant that can grow up to 1.5m tall. It prefers a sunny location with well-draining soil. Regular weeding is necessary to avoid competition with other plants.
The plant requires warm temperatures and is tolerant of drought conditions. It can be propagated through division of clumps or by planting seeds. Division should be done before the growing season, and seeds should be sowed in the early spring.
Watering Needs
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus requires moderate watering. It is drought-tolerant but will produce better yields with regular watering during the growing season. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so watering should be done only when necessary.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not necessary for Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus. However, light fertilization with a nitrogen-based fertilizer before the growing season can produce better yields.
Pruning
Pruning is not essential for Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus, but dead or damaged leaves and stems should be removed to encourage new growth. The plant can be trimmed down to a height of 30cm at the end of the growing season to promote new shoots.
Propagation of Cymbopogon connatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov. var. muticus Chiov.
Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus is commonly known as 'mau' or 'lemon grass' and is grown for its essential oil. It is propagated through seeds, root division, and stem cuttings. The following are the different propagation methods:
Propagation through seeds:
Seeds are sown in nurseries during the rainy season as the crop grows well in moisture-retentive soil. The sowing is done directly in seedbeds or pots. Pots are ideal for the seeds to germinate as they provide the required warmth and moisture. The seeds are thin and should be sown on the surface, and then covered with a thin layer of sand. After four weeks, the seedlings can be transplanted into the field.
Propagation through root division:
The rhizomes of Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus are dug out from the ground, usually during the harvesting period, and then divided into small sections, each with a bud. The separated rhizomes can then be planted directly in the field, in lines. It is important to keep the soil moist for the first few weeks after planting.
Propagation through stem cuttings:
Stem cuttings of Cymbopogon connatus var. muticus are also used for propagation. The cuttings are taken from young, mature plants. The lower leaves of the cutting are removed, and the stem is cut from the node with a sharp blade. The cuttings are then planted in rooting medium or directly in the field, in lines. Care must be taken to keep the soil moist for the first few weeks after planting.
Disease Management
Cymbopogon connatus is a hardy plant and is not typically prone to many diseases. However, some common diseases that may affect the plant are:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause brown or black spots on leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage anthracnose, remove and discard the infected plant parts and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread.
- Leaf rust: This fungal disease can cause orange or yellow powdery spots on the leaves. Remove and discard the infected plant parts and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread.
Pest Management
Similarly, Cymbopogon connatus is not commonly affected by pests. However, some pests that may affect the plant are:
- Spider mites: These pests are tiny and can cause yellowing and drying of leaves. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with soapy water or apply a pesticide approved for use on edibles.
- Aphids: These small insects can cause curling and deformity of leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water or apply insecticidal soap.
It is recommended to regularly monitor plants for any signs of disease or pests and promptly take action to manage them to prevent any further damage.
