Origin
Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata, commonly known as the Haleakala cyanea, is a species of flowering plants in the Bellflower family (Campanulaceae) that is endemic to Maui Island, Hawaii. This plant can be found in dry and mesic forests, subalpine shrublands, and in rocky areas of the western, central, and eastern parts of Haleakala mountain.
Common Names
In addition to the Haleakala cyanea, this plant is also known by other common names such as the Haleakala Prickly Cyanea and the Haleakala Cyanea with Long Stalks.
Uses
The Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata plant has been traditionally used by native Hawaiians for various medicinal purposes. For example, the leaves and branches were made into a poultice to treat bruises, cuts, and sores. The plant is also used by local wildlife, such as birds and insects, as a source of food and habitat.
General Appearance
The Haleakala cyanea is a plant that can grow up to 3 meters tall, with a woody stem and large leaves that range from 10-45 cm long and 5-28 cm wide. The leaves have serrate edges and are covered in long, silky hairs. The flowers are a vivid red color and are tubular in shape, growing in clusters on long stalks that can reach up to 50 cm in length. The plant blooms from January to May, and the fruits are small berries that turn purple when ripe.
Light Requirements
The Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata plant thrives in partial shade to full sun conditions. It requires moderate to high levels of light intensity to grow and produce healthy foliage and flowers. Too much direct sunlight can cause the plant's leaves and flowers to scorch or wilt, so partial shade is the best option if the plant is grown in a hot, sunny climate.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata plant is between 60 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate lower temperatures, but prolonged exposure to frost or freezing temperatures can cause the plant to die. High temperatures above 85 degrees Fahrenheit can lead to stress and cause the plant's leaves to wilt.
Soil Requirements
The Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata plant prefers rich, well-drained soil that is high in organic matter. The soil should be porous and able to hold moisture without becoming waterlogged. The plant can grow in a range of soil types, but it thrives in soils that have a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It is recommended to add organic matter and fertilizers to the soil before planting.
Cultivation methods for Cyanea Pilosa Gray ssp. Longipedunculata
Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata is a rare and endangered plant species native to Hawaii. It requires a climate that is warm and humid, with temperatures ranging between 70°F and 80°F. When planting this species, it is essential to consider its growth habit as it can grow up to 10 feet tall, making it unsuitable for small gardens.
To cultivate Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata, plant it in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. You can also add a layer of mulch to the soil to help it retain moisture. Additionally, ensure the plant has enough space to grow and receive adequate sunlight, while being protected from harsh winds.
Watering needs for Cyanea Pilosa Gray ssp. Longipedunculata
Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata requires consistent moisture throughout its growth period to thrive. It can tolerate drought conditions but does better with frequent watering. Water the plant deeply at least once a week or when the soil feels dry to the touch.
However, take caution not to overwater the plant as it can cause root rot, resulting in stunted growth or plant death.
Fertilization of Cyanea Pilosa Gray ssp. Longipedunculata
Although Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata does well in nutrient-rich soil, it does not require regular fertilization. Fertilize the plant once or twice a year, preferably in early spring or late fall, using a slow-release fertilizer. This will provide the plant with the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth.
Pruning of Cyanea Pilosa Gray ssp. Longipedunculata
Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata does not require regular pruning. However, it is essential to prune the plant when necessary, such as removing dead or damaged leaves or stems. This will maintain the plant's health and promote healthy growth.
When pruning, use a clean and sterilized pair of pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases within the plant. Also, avoid pruning more than one-third of the plant's size at once, as it can stress the plant and affect its growth significantly.
Propagation of Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata (Rock) Lammers
Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata (Rock) Lammers is a rare and endangered plant species endemic to Hawaii. Propagation of this plant species involves both sexual and asexual methods of reproduction.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds of C. pilosa ssp. longipedunculata are relatively easy to collect and store. The seeds can be collected by hand after the fruits have ripened. The seeds should be cleaned of any debris and stored in a cool and dry environment until ready for sowing.
Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat. Germination occurs best at temperatures between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. The seeds can be sown in pots or trays filled with a well-draining potting mix. The pots or trays should be covered with plastic bags or plastic wrap to retain moisture.
After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted into larger pots and grown under suitable conditions until ready for transplantation to the field. It is essential to note that seeds of C. pilosa ssp. longipedunculata have a short viability period and should be planted immediately after collection.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation of C. pilosa ssp. longipedunculata through stem cuttings is suitable for the preservation of specific genotypes. The cuttings should be taken from healthy plants early in the morning and treated with rooting hormone before planting in well-draining potting mix.
The cuttings should be placed under high humidity and moderate light conditions. Rooting should occur within 4-6 weeks, and the rooted cuttings can be transplanted into larger pots or the field.
It is important to note that C. pilosa ssp. longipedunculata is not easy to propagate through stem cuttings, and the success rate is dependent on various factors such as humidity, temperature, and light conditions.
Disease and Pest Management for Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata
Although Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata is a relatively sturdy plant, it can still fall victim to various diseases and pests. Here are some common issues that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Fungal infections: This plant is susceptible to several types of fungal infections. Symptoms could include leaf spotting, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage fungal infections, remove any affected leaves and avoid overhead watering, as it can spread the infection. You can also apply a fungicide specifically designed for garden plants.
Bacterial infections: Bacterial infections could cause wilting, yellowing, and even death. To manage bacterial infections, remove any affected parts of the plant, maintain proper drainage, and avoid overcrowding. A copper-based fungicide can also help prevent the spread of bacterial infections.
Viral infections: Viral infections could cause stunted growth, distorted leaves, and mottled coloration. As with other infections, remove any affected parts of the plant. There is no cure for viral infections, so preventing the spread of the infection is key.
Pests
Caterpillars: Caterpillars, including the Hawaiian moth caterpillar, could eat away at the leaves of Cyanea pilosa Gray ssp. longipedunculata. To manage caterpillars, regularly inspect the plant, handpick any caterpillars you find and introduce natural predators such as birds or beneficial insects.
Snails and slugs: Slugs and snails could chew holes into the leaves of the plant. To manage these pests, remove any hiding places near the plant, such as weeds or debris. You can also create barriers around the plant using copper tape or diatomaceous earth. Alternatively, use bait or traps to catch these pests.
Mites: Mites could cause yellowing of the leaves and a general decline in health. To manage mites, use a jet of water to knock them off the plant. You can also apply insecticidal soap or a neem oil-based pesticide. Introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs or lacewings can also keep mite populations in check.
