Overview of Cyanea eleeleensis (St. John) Lammers
Cyanea eleeleensis (St. John) Lammers, also known as the Eleele blue-tassels, is a rare plant species from the Cyanea genus found only on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. It is characterized by its magnificent inflorescence of blue-purple flowers that appear like tassels, and the plant grows as an erect herb or shrub. This plant is an endangered species due to the threat of habitat destruction and invasive species.
General Appearance of Cyanea eleeleensis
The Cyanea eleeleensis typically grows between 2 to 5 meters tall, and it has an erect form that branches from the base. The leaves are green, shiny, and have a waxy-like feel. They grow about 30–70 cm long and are divided into three leaflets, the terminal one being the largest. The plant's striking feature is its tall inflorescence of blue-purple flowers that resemble tassels, typically growing up to 45 cm in length. The individual flowers are small and bell-shaped, growing in clusters along the inflorescence shoots.
Common Names for Cyanea eleeleensis
Commonly known as Eleele blue-tassels, the Cyanea eleeleensis derived its name from the town of Eleele, Kauai, where it was first discovered. Other names for this critically endangered plant are Blue Cyanea and Haha.
Uses of Cyanea eleeleensis
Although there are not many recorded uses of the Cyanea eleeleensis, it has been used in traditional Hawaiian medicine to treat various ailments, including wounds, stomach problems, and respiratory illnesses. The blue-purple flowers of this plant are also highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts due to their unique beauty. Unfortunately, overharvesting of these flowers has further threatened the survival of this endangered species.
Light Requirements
Cyanea eleeleensis prefers to grow in shaded areas with filtered light. It does not tolerate direct sunlight for extended periods of time. However, it still requires sufficient light to maintain healthy growth and produce flowers.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to the Hawaiian Islands and thrives in a warm and humid climate. It prefers temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15.5°C to 26.7°C) but can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures if protected from strong winds.
Soil Requirements
Cyanea eleeleensis prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. It requires a soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5 for optimal growth. The addition of organic matter such as compost or peat moss can help improve soil quality.
It is important to note that Cyanea eleeleensis is an epiphyte, meaning it naturally grows on other plants such as trees, and does not necessarily require soil to grow. Therefore, it can also thrive in a soilless substrate such as sphagnum moss or a well-draining potting mix if it is given proper support.
Cultivation
Cyanea eleeleensis is native to the Hawaiian Islands and is typically grown outdoors in tropical or subtropical regions. The plant prefers partial shade to full sun and well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can be grown in garden beds or containers.
Watering needs
The plant needs to be watered regularly, but the soil should not be waterlogged. It is important to allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings. The frequency of watering will depend on the climate and the location of the plant.
Fertilization
Cyanea eleeleensis benefits from regular fertilization to encourage healthy growth and flowering. A balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 NPK mix, can be applied every four to six weeks during the growing season (spring to fall). A slow-release fertilizer can also be used.
Pruning
Cyanea eleeleensis can benefit from light pruning to promote new growth and maintain its shape. Dead or damaged leaves and stems should be removed promptly. Any crossed branches or branches that are rubbing against each other should also be pruned to prevent damage and disease. Pruning should be done during the plant's dormant period in late fall or winter.
Propagation of Cyanea eleeleensis
Propagating Cyanea eleeleensis can be done through two main methods:
Seed Propagation
The simplest and most effective way to propagate Cyanea eleeleensis is through seed propagation. Seeds can be obtained from the plant's inflorescence which has a large number of small fruits. To achieve high germination rates, the seeds should be spread on a well-draining medium and kept moist and warm. The ideal temperature for germination is 20-25°C. Seeds should be covered lightly with soil to avoid drying out and exposed to bright, indirect light. Germination can take from a few weeks to a few months, depending on growing conditions and seed quality. After the first true leaves appear, plants should be transferred to individual pots and kept in shaded, humid conditions until established.
Division Propagation
Cyanea eleeleensis can also be propagated through division, although this method is more time-consuming and less predictable. To propagate through division, the plant should be carefully removed from its pot or planter, and the root ball separated into sections, taking care to keep as many roots as possible intact. Each division should be replanted in a new pot with well-draining soil and kept in a shaded, humid environment until roots are established.
Disease and Pest Management for Cyanea eleeleensis
Cyanea eleeleensis is an endangered plant species native to Kauai Island, Hawaii. As with many endangered plant species, it is particularly vulnerable to diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, as well as some suggestions for managing them.
Common Diseases
Fungal diseases are a common threat to Cyanea eleeleensis. One of the most significant is rust, which can cause yellow or brown spots on the leaves and weaken the plant. Another fungal disease that can affect the plant is powdery mildew, which can cause a white or gray coating on the leaves.
To manage fungal diseases, it's important to maintain good sanitation practices such as removing infected leaves and debris from around the plant. Additionally, avoid overwatering the plant to prevent excess moisture buildup. Fungicides may be necessary in severe cases, but should be used sparingly and in accordance with the product instructions.
Common Pests
One of the most damaging pests to Cyanea eleeleensis is the slug. They can cause significant damage to the leaves and stems, and can even kill young plants. Snails are another common pest that can cause similar damage.
To manage slugs and snails, it's important to reduce their habitat by removing leaf litter and other debris around the base of the plant. Physical barriers such as copper tape or mesh can also be effective in preventing these pests from reaching the plant. If necessary, baits or traps can also be used, but care should be taken to avoid harming beneficial insects.
Another common pest that may attack Cyanea eleeleensis is the caterpillar. They will often consume entire leaves, leaving behind only the veins. Handpicking these pests may be effective, but for larger infestations, insecticidal soaps or neem oil may be necessary.
Overall, with proper care, Cyanea eleeleensis can be protected from most diseases and pests. Being vigilant and taking prompt action at the first sign of an issue will go a long way in preserving this beautiful and rare species.
