Overview
Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii, also known as the O'ahu cyanea or pua aloalo, is a plant species that belongs to the Campanulaceae family. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, specifically on the island of O'ahu. This plant species is critically endangered and is protected under state and federal laws.
Description
The O'ahu cyanea is a herbaceous perennial plant that can grow up to 1.5 meters in height. It has a rosette of leaves at the base, and the leaves are alternately arranged on the stem. The leaves are thick and leathery with a prominent midrib and can measure up to 30 centimeters in length and 10 centimeters in width. The flowers are tubular in shape, with five petals that are fused at the base, forming a conical structure. The flowers are bluish-purple in color and can measure up to 6 centimeters in length. The plant blooms from July to November.
Uses
The O'ahu cyanea has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes by Hawaiians. The plant was used to treat respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis and asthma, as well as for the treatment of wounds and infections. The juice from the leaves was also used as a diuretic and laxative.
Currently, the O'ahu cyanea is primarily used for ornamental purposes. It is used to add a touch of Hawaii to gardens, landscapes, and as a cut flower in floral arrangements.
Threats
The O'ahu cyanea is critically endangered due to habitat destruction, invasive species, and a small population size. The plant's habitat has been destroyed by urbanization, agriculture, and non-native plant species. Invasive species such as pigs, goats, and rats, also pose a threat to the plant by damaging the plant and its habitat. The O'ahu cyanea's small population size makes it particularly vulnerable to extinction due to natural disasters, disease, or other catastrophic events.
Light Requirements
The Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii, commonly referred to as Copeland's cyanea, thrives in bright, indirect light. The plant should be placed near a window that doesn't receive direct sunlight, which can lead to leaf scorching. If grown indoors, artificial light sources such as fluorescent bulbs can be used to provide adequate light for the plant's growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers moderate temperatures, with an ideal range of 60-80°F (15-27°C). It’s important to avoid exposing the Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) or above 90°F (32°C), as extreme temperatures can cause stunted growth and leaf death.
Soil Requirements
Copeland's cyanea requires well-draining, loose potting soil that holds moisture for adequate growth and prevents root rot. A recommended soil mix for this plant would include two parts of peat moss or coir fiber, one part of perlite, and one part of vermiculite. As an epiphytic plant, it also requires organic matter such as bark, sphagnum moss, or coconut coir in its soil mix for optimum growth.
Cultivation methods:
Cyanea copelandii prefers a semi-shaded environment, but it can also grow in full sun with some extra care. It prefers to grow in well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The plant can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering needs:
Proper watering is essential for the growth and development of Cyanea copelandii. It requires moderate watering, which means keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering can cause the plant to wilt. During the summer months, the plant may need more frequent watering due to higher temperatures and drier air.
Fertilization:
Cyanea copelandii responds well to regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 can be applied every two weeks during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing the plant during winter or when the plant is dormant. Over-fertilization can cause burns on the leaves and roots, so it's best to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer.
Pruning:
Cyanea copelandii doesn't require pruning, but pruning can promote a more compact and bushy growth. Pruning can be done after the blooming season or when the plant shows signs of straggly growth. Remove the dead or damaged leaves and stems. Cut back the overgrowth to promote branching. Prune the tips of the stems to promote bushier growth. The best time to prune is during the warm months when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation of Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii
Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii, commonly known as the Kopiwai giant lobelia, is a unique and stunning plant species native to Hawaii. The plant can be propagated through various methods, including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and division.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most common and easiest method of propagating Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii. Collect matured seed capsules from the plant and allow them to dry naturally. After removing the seeds from the capsules, sow them in a sterile potting mix and keep them moist, but not waterlogged. Provide warmth (around 70-75°F) and light, and the seeds should germinate within two to three weeks.
Stem cuttings
Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take a stem from the plant, preferably with a node, and make a clean cut with a sharp sterilized knife. Dip the cutting in rooting hormone powder to stimulate root growth, and then plant the cutting in a moist potting mix. Cover the pot with a plastic bag to create a humid environment and place it in an area with indirect light. After a few weeks, you should see roots beginning to form.
Division
Division is another propagation method that can be used for Cyanea copelandii Rock ssp. copelandii. This process is best done during the plant's active growing season. Carefully remove the plant from its container or the ground and gently separate the root clump into smaller sections, each with healthy roots and shoots. Repot the divided sections or plant them in a new location with well-draining soil, keep moist, and provide filtered sunlight.
Disease and Pest Management for Cyanea Copelandii Rock ssp. Copelandii
Cyanea Copelandii Rock ssp. Copelandii is an endemic Hawaiian plant that belongs to the Campanulaceae family. Just like any other plant, it is prone to several diseases and pest infestations. To ensure that the plant thrives, it is essential to be aware of the common issues that might affect it and know how to manage them.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Cyanea Copelandii Rock ssp. Copelandii plant is the fungal leaf spot. This disease is characterized by small, circular spots on the plant's leaves, which eventually lead to leaf drop. The best way to manage this disease is by promptly removing the infected leaves and disposing them away from the plant and keeping the plant's foliage dry.
Another common disease that affects the plant is the powdery mildew, which causes the foliage to turn white, and affects the plant's vigor. To manage this disease, one should use a fungicidal spray of Potassium bicarbonate or neem oil. It is also important to practice proper plant care, such as regular pruning and providing adequate air circulation, to prevent this disease from affecting the plant.
Common Pests
The Cyanea Copelandii Rock ssp. Copelandii plant is also prone to several pest infestations. One of the most common pests that affect this plant is the caterpillars. Caterpillars can cause significant damage to the plant's foliage by eating the leaves and stems. To manage these pests, one can use Bacillus thuringiensis, a biological pesticide, which is effective in controlling the caterpillar infestation.
Another pest that usually affects this plant is the spider mites. These pests cause the leaves to turn yellow and can cause massive infestations if not managed promptly. To manage spider mites, one can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil. These methods are effective in controlling the spider mites and preventing re-infestation.
Overall, to ensure that Cyanea Copelandii Rock ssp. Copelandii plant thrives, it is essential to be proactive in managing the common diseases and pest infestations that might affect it. Regular monitoring, prompt management, and employing a preventive approach are essential for maintaining plant health and vigor.
