Overview of Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers
Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers, also known as "H?h?" or "H?h?kea" in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the Campanulaceae family. It is native to the Hawaiian Islands and can be found on the islands of Maui, Moloka?i, and L?na?i at elevations ranging from 2,000-4,000 feet.
Description of Cyanea calycina
Cyanea calycina is a shrub or small tree that can grow up to 16 feet tall. It has leathery leaves that are dark green and glossy, with a length of about 6 inches. The plant produces flowers in clusters at the top of its stem, which can reach up to 2 feet in length. The flowers have purple to reddish-purple tubular petals that bloom during the summer and fall months.
Uses of Cyanea calycina
The Cyanea calycina plant has traditionally been used by Hawaiian natives for medicinal purposes. The leaves and stem were used to create a poultice that was applied to treat wounds and skin irritations. In addition, the plant was used in the treatment of respiratory ailments such as coughs and colds.
Cyanea calycina is also known for its ornamental value and is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It adds an exotic touch to landscapes and can be grown as a specimen or accent plant.
Threats to Cyanea calycina
Cyanea calycina is considered an endangered species due to habitat loss caused by human development. The plant is also threatened by introduced species such as feral pigs and goats, which prey on the plant's leaves and stems. Recovery efforts include protecting the plant's habitat and enhancing public awareness of its importance to the Hawaiian ecosystem.
Overall, Cyanea calycina is a unique and important plant species with cultural, medicinal, and ornamental significance in Hawaii. Its preservation is critical to the health of Hawaii's delicate ecosystem, as well as for future generations to appreciate its natural beauty and cultural traditions.
Growth conditions for Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers
Cyanea calycina, commonly known as the lobelia, is a tropical plant species native to Mexico and Central America. Properly taking care of this plant species is critical to its growth and survival.
Light Requirements
Cyanea calycina requires plenty of bright, indirect light to grow. This species can tolerate moderate shade, but insufficient light may cause stunted growth and limited flowering. It is important to place the plant near a window that provides plenty of natural light during the day. Avoid exposing the plant to direct sunlight, as this may cause the leaves to burn.
Temperature Requirements
Cyanea calycina prefers warm temperatures, with an ideal range of 67°F to 83°F (19°C to 28°C). This plant species is sensitive to cold temperatures and should be kept away from drafts or air conditioning vents. Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause the plant to die, so avoid exposing the plant to cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Cyanea calycina prefers a well-draining soil mix that is rich in organic matter. A good soil mix should be fluffy, well-aerated, and moist, but not too wet. Soil pH should range from slightly acidic to neutral, around 6.0 to 7.0. It is common to add perlite or sand to the soil mix to improve drainage.
The lobelia plant should be repotted every 2 to 3 years, or when the plant becomes root-bound. It is also important to fertilize the soil every 2-3 months during the growing season. Use a organic fertilizer that is rich in potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen to support healthy growth and flowering.
Cultivation
Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers is a tropical bromeliad that requires warm and humid conditions. It is best to cultivate the plant in a well-draining, nutrient-rich soil mix, with a pH range of 4.5-6.5. It thrives in partial shade to full sun, making it an ideal plant for outdoor cultivation in warm climates.
Watering
Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers requires consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Watering the plant deeply once or twice a week is ideal, ensuring the soil is moist throughout. During the winter season, watering should be reduced to maintain the soil's moisture without waterlogging the plant. Ensure that the soil mix is well-draining to prevent water buildup that may cause root rot.
Fertilization
Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and vibrant flower display. Application of an all-purpose liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two to three weeks during the growing season is ideal. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the winter season to prevent nutrient buildup in the soil mix.
Pruning
Cyanea calycina (Cham.) Lammers requires minimal pruning, mainly to remove dead or discolored leaves, which may affect the plant's growth and aesthetics. Pruning is best done during the growing season, ensuring to use sharp and sterile pruning tools to avoid the spread of diseases. Regularly removing dead flowers encourages the plant to produce new buds, leading to a prolonged blooming period.
Propagation of Cyanea calycina
Cyanea calycina can be propagated through two main methods: seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
Seeds can be collected from the plant's flowers once they have matured and turned brown. The seeds are very small, so care should be taken not to lose them during collection. Once collected, the seeds can be sown in a potting mix of equal parts peat moss and perlite. The pot should be kept moist and placed in a warm, bright spot, but not in direct sunlight. The seeds should germinate within a few weeks to a month.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is also possible for Cyanea calycina. Softwood stem cuttings, which are taken from the tips of the plant's branches, are the best choice. The cutting should be about 4-6 inches long and should include 2-3 leaves. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone. The cutting should then be inserted into a potting mix of equal parts peat moss and sand. The pot should be kept in a bright, warm spot, but not in direct sunlight. The cutting should develop roots within a few weeks to a month.
Disease Management
Cyanea calycina has been reported to suffer from fungal leaf spots that can affect the plant’s growth and flowering. The most common fungi associated with these spots are Pseudocercospora cyaneae and Cercospora schlechtendahlii. To prevent these fungal infections, it is best to ensure proper plant hygiene by regularly removing and disposing of any dead or severely infected parts of the plant. Avoid watering the plant from overhead and instead focus on watering the soil directly. The use of fungicides such as copper-based sprays can also be effective in preventing the spread of fungal infections.
Pest Management
The major pests that are known to affect Cyanea calycina are aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. Aphids and mealybugs feed on the plant sap, causing damage and stunting growth, while spider mites cause leaves to yellow and drop, leading to decreased plant health. To eradicate these pests, it is recommended to use natural methods such as spraying the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap or neem oil. Increasing humidity levels by spraying the plant with water regularly can also help to reduce spider mite infestations. In addition, introducing natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings can help to control aphid populations. If natural methods fail, chemical pesticides may be necessary, but it is important to read and follow the label instructions carefully to avoid harming the plant or surrounding environment.
