Overview
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is a woody perennial plant species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is commonly known as "Mountain rattlepod" or "Nyandarua rattlepod" and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa.Description
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is a shrubby plant that can grow up to 2 meters in height. The leaves of the plant are oblong-shaped, and the plant usually has numerous branches. The stems of the plant are woody, and the plant is usually covered in fine hair. The flowers of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill are yellow and are typical of the Fabaceae family, with five petals and a central stamen.Uses
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill has several medicinal properties and has been used in African traditional medicine to manage various ailments. The roots of the plant are used to treat diarrhea, while the leaves are used to manage coughs and bronchitis. The plant also has insecticidal properties and has been used as an organic pesticide. Furthermore, the plant has soil-rehabilitation properties and has been used to control soil erosion in some regions.Cultivation
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is usually propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. The plant is easy to grow and thrives in well-drained soils and full sun. It is drought-tolerant and can grow in a wide range of climates. The plant has a long flowering period, usually from June to September.Light requirements
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is a plant that thrives best in high light intensities. It is an excellent option for planting in areas with direct sunlight as it grows optimally under full sun. Insufficient sunlight can affect the growth of the plant, leading to stunted growth and diminished flowering. Therefore, it is recommended to plant C. pleiophylla Polhill in areas with direct sunlight.
Temperature requirements
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill requires moderate temperatures for its optimal growth. A temperature range of 22-30°C is the best for the plant. Temperatures below 15°C affect the growth of the plant, and the leaves may discolor or wilt. C. pleiophylla Polhill is intolerant to frost, and the plant may die if exposed to frosty conditions.
Soil requirements
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill thrives in well-draining soils that are rich in nutrients. The plant prefers slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 5.5-6.5. C. pleiophylla Polhill is known to tolerate a wide range of soils, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, the soil should be fertile enough to support the growth of the plant. The addition of compost or organic matter to the soil may help to improve its fertility.
Cultivation of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is a perennial shrub indigenous to East Africa. It is not difficult to cultivate and care for, but a few essential considerations must be followed.
The plant requires full sun and well-draining soil, and it is drought-tolerant. In most climates, the best time to plant is in early spring. The seed is generally sown directly in the ground, about one centimeter deep. The plant will take root in approximately two weeks.
Watering Needs of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill will significantly benefit from regular watering during the first few months. However, once the plant is established, it becomes relatively drought-resistant and only requires occasional watering. The best time to water is early morning or late afternoon, providing the roots sufficient time to absorb the water before the sun's heat evaporates it. It is critical not to overwater, as too much moisture in the soil can lead to root rot.
Fertilization of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
While Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is known to fixate nitrogen using bacterial symbiosis during its growth cycle, adding nitrogen-based fertilizers every few months will promote the plant's growth and encourage blooming. For optimal results, use a balanced and slow-release fertilizer. Avoid applying too much fertilizer, which can burn the plant's roots and lead to other issues.
Pruning Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill requires minimal pruning to keep it healthy and neat. Deadheading the spent flowers and leggy stems will promote reblooming and encourage bushy growth. Trimming every year or two, depending on growth and shape, is also a good idea. It is essential to use clean and sharp pruning tools to prevent disease spread.
Propagation of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill, commonly known as tufted rattlepod, is a semi-evergreen perennial shrub belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is grown for its ornamental and medicinal properties. Propagation of this plant can be done by several methods.
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is by seeds. The seeds are small, brown, and rounded. They can be sown directly in the soil or in containers. The seeds should be planted in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until they germinate. The ideal soil temperature for germination is around 18-24°C. Germination usually occurs within 7-14 days.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another way to propagate Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill. Softwood cuttings with a length of 10-15 cm can be taken from the parent plant during the growing season. The cuttings should be taken from the top of the plant, just below a node, and should have at least two sets of leaves. The bottom leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be misted regularly and kept in a warm, shaded area. Rooting usually occurs within 2-3 weeks.
Division
Division is a propagation method that involves separating the plant into smaller sections. This method is recommended for mature plants that have become too large for their container or garden bed. The plant should be carefully dug up, and the roots should be gently separated. Each section should have at least one vigorous shoot and a good root system. The sections should be replanted immediately.
Air Layering
Air layering is a propagation method that involves inducing roots to form on a branch while it is still attached to the parent plant. This method is best used for woody stems. A section of bark is removed from the branch, and a rooting hormone is applied to the exposed area. The area is then wrapped in a layer of moist sphagnum moss and covered with plastic wrap to keep the moisture level high. Roots should form within a few weeks, and the newly rooted plant can be cut and potted up.
Disease Management of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases. However, it can still be affected by the following:
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. To manage root rot, reduce watering frequency. Allow the soil to dry out before watering the plant again. You can also add a layer of pebbles at the bottom of the pot to improve drainage. If the rot is severe, remove the plant from the pot and repot it in a new pot with fresh soil.
Fungal Leaf Spot
Fungal leaf spot is a disease that is caused by a wet environment. It appears as water-soaked spots on the leaves that eventually turn brown and fall off. To manage fungal leaf spot, reduce watering frequency and improve air circulation around the plant. Remove infected leaves and dispose of them immediately. Avoid getting water on the leaves when watering the plant.
Pest Management of Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill
Crotalaria pleiophylla Polhill is generally not affected by insect pests. However, it can still be attacked by the following pests:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny insects that can be found on the underside of leaves. They suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage spider mites, use a strong jet of water to wash the leaves and remove the mites. You can also use an insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill and repel the mites. Repeat the treatment every few days until the mites are gone.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are small, white, cotton-like insects that can be found in clusters on the leaves and stems. They also suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. To manage mealybugs, use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to remove the bugs from the plant. Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill and repel the bugs. Repeat the treatment every few days until the bugs are gone.
