Plant description
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is a flowering plant species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is a perennial herb that grows up to one meter high and is native to Africa's Guinea Forest region.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as "Togo rattlebox" or "Becquet's crotalaria" in English. In the local dialects of the region where it is found, it is often called by various other names, such as "oro" or "boga" in some areas of West Africa.
Uses
The plant has a wide range of medicinal, agricultural, and ecological uses. In traditional African medicine, it has been used to treat numerous health conditions such as inflammation, stomach ache, fever, and skin diseases. Its leaves and seeds contain alkaloids and saponins, which are believed to be responsible for its therapeutic properties.
In agriculture, the plant is used as a natural fertilizer due to its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Its leaves and stems also make for good animal feed, helping to improve livestock health and productivity.
The plant also has several ecological benefits. Its deep root system helps prevent soil erosion and can improve soil quality. It can be grown as a cover crop to improve soil fertility and reduce weeds, enhancing crop yields.
Appearance
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii has bright yellow flowers shaped like pea blossoms that bloom from June to September. It has fuzzy leaves with serrated edges and long, slender seed pods. The plant's stems are typically woody and branched, with a purplish coloring in mature plants.
Growth Conditions for Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is a shrub that grows up to 1 metre tall, native to Africa, and mainly found in the sub-Saharan region. It grows in different environments, from savannas to rocky places.
Light
This plant prefers a moderate level of sunlight exposure. It can grow in partial shade, but it prefers full sun. If grown indoors, it is recommended to keep them in a south-facing window or under artificial light that provides about 8-10 hours of light per day.
Temperature
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is moderately tolerant to different temperature ranges. It prefers a warm climate with temperatures ranging between 18°–27°C. Temperatures below 12°C can cause frost damage or even death. Crotalaria becquetii can be grown year-round in frost-free areas.
Soil Requirements
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii can grow in different types of soil, but it requires well-draining soil. It can tolerate a pH range between 5.0-8.5, but neutral to slightly acidic soil with a pH range between 6.0-7.0 is recommended for optimal growth. To improve soil drainage and fertility, adding organic matter to the soil is beneficial.
Cultivation Methods
The Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is a perennial plant species that require well-draining soil and partial sun to grow. The plant can tolerate a range of soils, from sandy to loamy to clayey soil with pH ranging from 6.5-7.5. It is best to start propagation from seeds and can be sown directly into their permanent location in the garden.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering the Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii, it requires adequate and consistent moisture but does not like to sit in waterlogged soil or overly wet soil. It is best to test the soil before watering and ensure that the upper layer of soil is dry before watering. Ensure that the plant gets enough water during the hot summer months, and reduce watering during the winter season.
Fertilization
The Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii does not require heavy fertilization. However, fertilization is critical to the plant's growth and flowering. Fertilize the plant with a general purpose fertilizer during the growing season once every month. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the dormant season.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep the Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii in good shape and promote better flowering. The best time to carry out pruning is during the early spring season before the plant grows new leaves. Prune the plant by removing any dead, crossing, or diseased branches. Cut back overgrown branches and stems to encourage fuller and bushier growth.
Propagation of Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is propagated primarily through seeds. Here is a detailed explanation of propagation methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii can be directly sown into the soil or can be germinated before sowing. Here is the step-by-step method for seed propagation:
- Collect mature pods of Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii when they turn brown or black and start to split open.
- Extract the black, peanut-shaped seeds from the pods and discard the empty pods.
- The seeds can be sown immediately into well-draining soil in a sunny location or can be germinated first.
- To germinate the seeds, soak them in hot water for 12-24 hours before sowing.
- Sow the seeds in individual pots filled with well-draining soil, or directly into the garden bed.
- Water the seeds regularly and keep the soil evenly moist until the seeds germinate in 7-14 days.
- When the seedlings are big enough to handle, transplant them into larger pots or onto the garden bed.
- Water the seedlings regularly and keep them in a sunny location.
- The plants should start to bloom in the second year after planting.
By following these simple steps, gardeners can propagate Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii and enjoy their beautiful, yellow flowers in the landscape.
Disease Management
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is known to be vulnerable to certain diseases such as damping-off, root rot, and wilting. These are common fungal diseases that can be caused by several types of soil-borne fungi and are often associated with overwatering and poor drainage.
To manage these diseases, it's essential to maintain good drainage and avoid overwatering the soil. This can be achieved by using well-draining soil, ensuring proper water drainage, and watering the plant sparingly. Also, avoid spreading the disease by using sterile planting materials, and practicing crop rotation.
Pest Management
Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii is susceptible to pest infestations such as aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. These pests feed on the plant's sap, thereby weakening it and making it more susceptible to diseases.
To manage these pests, it's essential to identify them first and then employ appropriate pest control measures. This can include the use of insecticidal soap, neem oil, or pyrethrin insecticides. You can also physically remove the pests by using a strong water stream or manually picking them off the plant.
It's crucial to keep an eye on the plant regularly, and take prompt action if any disease or pest infestation is detected. By following these simple measures, you can ensure a healthy and thriving Crotalaria becquetii R.Wilczek subsp. becquetii plant.
