Overview
Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer is a plant species in the family Rosaceae, commonly known as the green hawthorn. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to central and eastern North America. The plant has been used for various medicinal and culinary purposes throughout history.
General Appearance
The green hawthorn has an upright growth habit and typically reaches a height of 10-15 feet. The plant has glossy green leaves that are lobed and toothed, with a length of 1-2 inches. It produces fragrant white flowers in the spring that are arranged in clusters. The fruits of the plant are small, red pomes that are similar in appearance to miniature apples.
Common Names
The green hawthorn is known by various common names, including the eastern thornapple, woodland hawthorn, and green-fruited thorn.
Uses
Throughout history, the green hawthorn has been used for its medicinal properties. The plant is believed to have a beneficial effect on the heart and has been used to treat a variety of heart-related conditions, such as high blood pressure and angina. The fruits and flowers of the plant are also edible and have been used in culinary preparations, such as jams and syrups.
Light Requirements
Crataegus viridis var. lutensis prefers full sun exposure for optimal growth and development. It can tolerate partial shade but may not produce as many flowers and fruits as when grown in full sun.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is tolerant of a wide range of temperatures. However, it tends to thrive in temperate climates with average temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C (65°F to 77°F). It can tolerate temperatures as low as -12°C (10°F) and as high as 38°C (100°F) but may require additional care and protection during extreme weather conditions.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus viridis var. lutensis grows well in well-draining, moist, and slightly acidic to neutral soils with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients to support healthy growth and development. The plant is tolerant of different soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils.
It is important to avoid waterlogged soils as they can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Regular watering during dry periods and the use of mulch can help maintain the soil moisture levels and prevent soil erosion.
Cultivation of Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer
Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer, also known as green hawthorn, is a small deciduous tree that belongs to the rose family.
The plant prefers to grow in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can adapt to most soil types, including clay, sandy, or loam. Ensure that the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.5, and the planting location receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day.
The best time to plant green hawthorn is during the fall or early spring when the soil is moist and temperatures are mild.
Watering Needs
Green hawthorn requires moderate watering. Ensure the soil is evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Water the plant deeply once a week, especially during dry spells. Avoid watering the leaves or flowers to prevent fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Fertilize your green hawthorn once a year to stimulate its growth and flowering. Use an all-purpose fertilizer, and apply it in early spring before the new growth emerges. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on the package for the recommended dosage.
Pruning
Green hawthorn requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches as soon as you notice them. You can also prune the plant in the late winter or early spring to promote bushier growth and enhance its shape. Avoid removing more than a third of the plant during the pruning process to prevent stress.
Propagation of Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer
Seed Propagation: One of the primary methods of propagating Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer is through seeds. The seeds should be collected in the fall and allowed to dry for a few days. It is advisable to stratify the seeds before sowing to improve germination rates. This can be done by mixing the seeds with a moist substrate in a plastic bag and placing them in the refrigerator for 60 to 90 days. After stratifying, the seeds should be sown in a seedbed or individual containers. Keep the soil moist and place the seeds in partial shade until they have germinated, which usually takes about one to two months.
Cuttings: Cuttings are another way of propagating Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer. This method is best done in late spring or early summer when the new growth is still green and pliable. Take a 6 to 8-inch cutting with a sharp, clean cutting tool, making sure to include a few leaves and some of the softwood. Remove the leaves from the bottom 2 inches and dip the base of the cutting in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag or dome to maintain high humidity and place it in a shaded area. Rooting should occur in about 4 to 6 weeks.
Grafting: Grafting is often used when propagating different varieties of Crataegus viridis rootstock. This method involves taking a piece of the desired cultivar (scion) and attaching it to a compatible rootstock (usually Crataegus monogyna). Grafting should be done in early spring before new growth begins. Make a clean diagonal cut on both the rootstock and scion, and then join the two pieces together, securing them with grafting tape. Keep the graft union moist and provide partial shade for the first few weeks. Once the graft has taken, remove the tape and allow the plant to grow as usual.
Disease Management
The Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer plant is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Cedar-Apple Rust: This fungal disease infects both cedar and apple trees and affects the leaves, fruit, and twigs of the Crataegus viridis plant. The infected leaves develop yellow spots that turn red and enlarge, and eventually, the leaves fall off. To manage cedar-apple rust, remove infected leaves, prune infected twigs, and use fungicide sprays.
- Fire Blight: This bacterial disease affects a variety of plants, including Crataegus viridis, and causes the leaves, twigs, and fruit to turn dark brown or black. The plant may appear as if it has been scorched by fire. To manage fire blight, immediately remove any infected branches and destroy them. Implement a regular spray program with streptomycin or oxytetracycline.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a gray, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers. It can cause stunted growth and leaf yellowing, leading to defoliation. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected leaves, reduce plant stress, and use fungicide sprays.
Pest Management
The Crataegus viridis L. var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer plant is also vulnerable to several pests, including:
- Japanese Beetle: This pest feeds on the leaves, flowers, and fruit of the plant. It can cause significant damage, such as skeletonizing the leaves and destroying the flowers. To manage Japanese beetles, handpick and drown the beetles in soapy water or use insecticides.
- Aphids: These pests feed on the sap of the plant and can cause yellowing and curling of the leaves, stunted growth, and deformation of the flowers. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water, increase natural predators such as ladybugs, and use insecticides.
- Scale Insects: These pests attach themselves to the plant and feed on the sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow and drop. Severe infestations can lead to plant death. To manage scale insects, prune and destroy infected branches, increase natural predators such as parasitic wasps, and use insecticides.
