Origin
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is a species of the Rosaceae family, which is commonly found in the southeastern United States. This plant is believed to have originated in the coastal plains of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, where it grows in sandy soils, thickets, and scrub vegetation.
Common Names
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is commonly known as Tatnall's hawthorn, or more simply, Tatnall hawthorn. Other names include Tatnall's thornapple, and southern hawthorn.
Uses
The Tatnall hawthorn is a small deciduous tree that produces clusters of white flowers in the spring. The tree also produces small red fruits that resemble berries, which typically ripen in the fall. The fruits are edible but not commonly consumed due to their sour taste and hard texture. The plant is known to have medicinal properties, and its leaves, flowers, and fruits have been used for a variety of ailments, including heart conditions, digestive problems, and hypertension.
The plant is also used for ornamental purposes, often planted in gardens and parks because of its attractive flowers and berries, and its moderate growth rate. Its thorny branches and dense foliage make it an effective hedgerow or border plant.
General Appearance
The Tatnall hawthorn grows up to 6 meters tall, with a spread of up to 4 meters. It has a rounded crown, with branches that tend to grow low and horizontally, forming a dense, thorny thicket. The plant has dark green leaves that are ovate, lobed, and deeply serrated, measuring around 5cm long. Its white flowers typically bloom in clusters from March to April, while its small red berries ripen in late summer to early fall.
Light Requirements
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. prefers full sun to light shade for optimal growth. It can grow in partially shaded areas, but it may result in reduced flower and fruit production.
Temperature Conditions
This plant is well adapted to a range of temperatures. It prefers a temperate climate with moderate rainfall. They can tolerate drought and severe winters characterized by sub-zero temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. prefers well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils. It can grow in sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, it thrives in deep, moist soils. Poorly drained soils result in shallow root development and possibly death. This plant is also sensitive to soil salinity levels.
Cultivation methods
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is a hardy plant that can grow in various types of soils. It prefers well-draining soils and can tolerate both acidic and alkaline soils. It can be planted either in full sun or partial shade. The best time to plant it is during the fall or early spring when the soil is moist and the temperatures are cool.
Watering needs
The plant needs regular watering, especially during the dry seasons. It's important to water the plant deeply to encourage deep rooting and to allow the soil to dry partially before watering again. Overwatering should be avoided as it may lead to root rot or other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is not a heavy feeder, and thus it does not require frequent fertilization. However, it can benefit from a balanced fertilizer applied once or twice a year, preferably during the spring or early summer. It's essential to use a fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to encourage healthy growth.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to keep the plant healthy and promote growth. The best time to prune is during the late winter or early spring, before the foliage starts to emerge. Dead, damaged, or diseased branches should be removed as soon as they are noticed. Light pruning can also be done during the summer to control the plant's growth and shape, but avoid heavy pruning as it may weaken the plant.
Propagation of Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg.
The plant Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is typically propagated through seed and vegetative methods.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. Seeds should be collected in the fall when the fruit ripens and then cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place until spring when they are ready to be planted. Seeds should be planted in a well-draining soil mix in early spring. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged and the seeds should be kept in a warm, bright location. Germination typically occurs within 3-6 weeks.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation can be done through hardwood cuttings or grafting. Hardwood cuttings should be taken in late fall or winter from the current year's growth and should be about 8-10 inches in length. Cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone powder and planted in a well-draining potting mix. They should be kept in a cool, bright location and the soil should be kept moist. Rooting typically occurs within 6-8 weeks.
Grafting involves taking a scion from a desired plant and attaching it to a rootstock of a different plant. This method can be more complicated and requires more skill, but it can result in faster growth and better fruit production.
Disease Management
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Fabraea leaf spot: This disease typically appears as small, purple-brown spots on the leaves. Over time, these spots can enlarge and merge, leading to defoliation. Fungicide applications can help manage this disease.
- Rust: Rust appears as yellow-orange pustules on the leaves. Removing infected leaves and applying fungicides can help control this disease.
- Fire blight: Fire blight typically affects the blossoms and fruit of the plant. Signs of fire blight include blackened blossoms and twigs. Pruning infected branches and using copper sprays can help control this disease.
Pest Management
Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg. is also susceptible to several pests, including:
- Japanese beetles: Japanese beetles can defoliate the plant. Trapping and handpicking the beetles can help manage their population, and insecticidal sprays can also be effective.
- Spider mites: Spider mites can cause yellowing and stunted growth of the leaves. Using insecticidal soaps and keeping the plant well-watered can help control these pests.
- Tent caterpillars: Tent caterpillars can create unsightly webs and defoliate the plant. Removing the egg masses in the winter and using insecticides can help control their population.
