General Overview
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. is a deciduous shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family. This plant species is known for its beautiful flowers, fruits, and leaves, featuring a distinctive rounded shape. The plant has both ornamental and medicinal purposes and is often used in landscaping and traditional medicine.
Appearance
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. is a small, thorny shrub that can grow up to 10 feet tall. The leaves are alternately arranged and are simple, dark green, glossy, and rounded, with serrated edges. The plant produces white or pink flowers that bloom in May and June and have a sweet fragrance. The showy flowers are followed by small red fruits that persist on the plant into winter.
Origin
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. is native to the United States, specifically to the southeastern states including Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. The plant is primarily found in open woods, meadows, and along stream banks, and has been introduced to other regions of the world as an ornamental plant.
Common Names
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. is commonly known as the Dwarf Hawthorn or Appleleaf Hawthorn, due to its small size and apple-like leaves. It is also referred to as the Riverbank Hawthorn, due to its natural habitat.
Uses
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. has been used in traditional medicine for its medicinal properties. The plant contains flavonoids, which are believed to provide cardiovascular benefits. The leaves and flowers of the plant can be used to make a tea, which is said to reduce anxiety and improve sleep. The plant is also commonly used in landscaping due to its ornamental qualities and hardy nature.
Light Requirements
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. grow best in full sunlight which is important for the plant's ability to produce flowers and fruits as well as for strong stem development. A minimum of six hours of sun exposure is necessary for the plant to thrive.
Temperature Requirements
The plant species can grow in a wide range of temperatures. However, it thrives in temperate climates with mild temperatures. The ideal temperature range is between 15 to 25°C (59 to 77°F). Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. can tolerate brief periods of frost during winter dormancy, but it is not well-suited for areas with prolonged winter conditions.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. prefers soils that are well-drained and fertile, with a pH range from slightly acidic to neutral (between 5.5 and 7.5). The plant can tolerate moderately heavy soils but does not tolerate long periods of soil saturation. The species is drought-tolerant, but the plant prefers soils with a consistent supply of moisture to ensure proper growth and health. Organic-rich soils that are fertilized regularly offer the best growing conditions for the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg., commonly known as the round leaf hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub that thrives in a wide range of climates and can grow up to 20 feet tall. It can be cultivated as a shrub or tree and is typically planted in the fall or early spring. It grows best in full sun to partial shade, and in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. When planting, the hole should be twice as wide as the root ball and the plant should be placed so that the root collar is level with the ground. After planting, it is essential to water the plant thoroughly and regularly until it is established.
Watering Needs
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. requires regular watering, especially during the first few years of growth. It prefers moist but well-draining soil and benefits from a layer of organic mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture. When watering, it is important to avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot and other issues. The best way to determine when to water is to check the soil moisture level by sticking your finger about an inch into the soil. If it feels dry, it’s time to water.
Fertilization
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. benefits from annual fertilization in the early spring before new growth appears. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be applied at a rate of 1 pound per 100 square feet. It is important to avoid over-fertilization as this can lead to excessive growth and weakened branches.
Pruning
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. can benefit from regular pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. The best time to prune is in the late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Dead, damaged, or diseased branches should be removed, as well as any crossing or rubbing branches. It is important to make clean cuts with a sharp pruning tool and to avoid leaving stubs, as this can lead to disease and insect problems. When pruning, it is also a good idea to thin out the interior of the plant to increase air circulation and sunlight penetration.
Propagation of Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. can be propagated by both sexual and asexual means. However, asexual propagation is the preferred method as it results in plants with characteristics identical to the parent plant.
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. can be collected in the fall, cleaned, and then stored until spring when they can be planted. The seeds require a period of stratification before planting, which can be achieved by storing them in a cool and moist environment for several weeks. Once stratified, the seeds can be sown in a well-draining soil mix, covered lightly with soil, and kept consistently moist until germination, which can take anywhere from 1-3 months.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken from Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. in late spring to early summer when the growth is soft and flexible. Cuttings should be about 6-8 inches long and taken from the current season's growth. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and then planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept consistently moist and placed in a shaded area until they root, which can take anywhere from several weeks to several months.
Propagation by Grafting
Grafting is another method used to propagate Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. A scion from the desired plant is grafted onto the rootstock of a different plant. The graft union should be securely wrapped, and the plant should be kept in a warm and humid environment until the graft has taken. This method results in a plant with the characteristics of the scion, but the root system of the rootstock, resulting in a stronger and more disease-resistant plant.
Disease Management for Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.
Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg., commonly known as the roundleaf hawthorn, can be prone to certain diseases that can impact its growth and overall health. Some common diseases that may affect this plant include:
- Fire Blight: This bacterial disease can cause wilting and blackening of the branches and leaves. The infected parts of the plant should be pruned and destroyed to prevent further spread.
- Cedar Apple Rust: This fungal disease can cause yellow spots on the leaves and fruit. The use of resistant varieties, fungicides, and removal of nearby cedar trees can help manage this disease.
- Leaf Spot: This fungal disease can cause circular spots on the leaves. Raking up and disposing of fallen leaves, as well as fungicides, can help manage this disease.
To prevent the spread of disease, it is important to practice good sanitation practices, such as removing and destroying infected plant material and tools.
Pest Management for Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.
Like many plants, Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. can also fall prey to certain pests that can cause damage and inhibit growth. Some common pests that may affect this plant include:
- Aphids: These small insects can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage aphids.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and fine webbing on the leaves. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage spider mites.
- Caterpillars: These larvae can eat the leaves, causing defoliation. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticide can help manage caterpillars.
Encouraging natural predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also help manage pest populations. Additionally, it’s important to regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and address any issues as soon as possible.
