Overview
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is a small deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family and the Genus Crataegus. It is also commonly known as Chinese hawthorn, dwarf hawthorn, or pip hawthorn.
Origin and Distribution
The plant is native to East Asia, particularly China, Japan, and Korea, where it grows in forests, thickets, and along riverbanks. It has also been introduced and cultivated in other parts of the world, such as Europe, North America, and Australia.
Description
The Chinese hawthorn grows up to 6 meters tall and has a rounded crown. The bark is brown and smooth when young but becomes rough and scaly with age. The leaves are shiny and dark green, with three to five lobes and serrated margins. The flowers are white, pink, or red, and bloom in May and June. They are followed by small, bright red or yellowish-orange fruits that resemble crabapples. The fruits are edible and have a sour taste.
Uses
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is mainly used for ornamental purposes due to its attractive flowers and fruits. In some countries, the fruit is also used to make jams, jellies, and syrups. Traditional Chinese medicine also uses the plant's leaves, flowers, and fruits for various medicinal purposes, such as improving digestion, increasing blood circulation, and reducing high blood pressure. The plant is also believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Growth Conditions for Crataegus pisifera Sarg.
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is a deciduous shrub that grows best in a temperate climate. The species is commonly found in Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States. The shrub is highly adaptable and can grow under different conditions, but its growth is optimal under specific elements.
Light Requirements
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. requires a significant amount of sunlight to grow. The shrub thrives in full sun, which provides at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. While the plant can grow in partial shade, it might not produce as much fruit or grow as tall as those exposed to full sunlight. Therefore, it's recommended to plant the shrub in an area with sufficient sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. grows best in a temperate climate with cool to moderate temperatures. The species can tolerate cold winters and humid summers, but it might not survive in extremely hot or dry environments. The optimal temperature range for the species is between 0°C to 25°C, and it can withstand temperatures as low as -40°C. However, the shrub might not grow as actively in colder temperatures, causing a delay in maturity.
Soil Requirements
The species prefers well-draining, fertile, and moist soil. The plant can tolerate different soil types, including loam, clay, and sandy soils, but grows best in loamy soil. The soil pH should range from neutral to slightly acidic, with a pH between 6.0-7.0. The species is native to areas with high rainfall, so it requires adequate soil moisture to grow. It's recommended to add organic matter to the soil, such as compost or peat, to improve soil structure and fertility.
Cultivation of Crataegus pisifera Sarg.
Crataegus pisifera Sarg., commonly known as the Chinese hawthorn, is a shrub that belongs to the rose family. It is commonly cultivated for its edible fruits and ornamental purposes. This plant requires a well-draining soil and ample sunlight exposure to grow.
While Crataegus pisifera Sarg. can be grown from seeds, cuttings or grafting give better results. The ideal time to plant this shrub is in spring or fall. To plant, dig a hole that is two times wider than the root ball but not deeper than the root ball. Place the plant in the hole and cover with soil.
Watering needs
The Chinese hawthorn requires adequate moisture to grow, but it should not be over-watered. Watering should be done deeply and at regular intervals, especially during the first year after planting. Watering should be reduced in winter, but the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely.
Fertilization
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. requires a balanced fertilizer for optimal growth and fruit production. Fertilization should be done twice a year - in early spring before new growth appears and in late fall after the leaves have fallen off. Use a slow-release fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Pruning
Pruning is important in maintaining the desired shape, size, and health of the Chinese hawthorn. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. This shrub can be pruned to a single stem, multi-stemmed tree, or shrub form. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches, as well as crossing branches and those growing towards the center of the plant.
In summary, Crataegus pisifera Sarg. thrives in a well-draining soil and ample sunlight. Adequate moisture, balanced fertilization, and periodic pruning are essential in maintaining the health, growth, and fruit production of this shrub.
Propagation of Crataegus pisifera Sarg.
Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is commonly known as the Big-Pod Hawthorn and is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to the United States. The plant is quite popular among gardeners due to its beautiful white flowers, dark green foliage, and large, edible fruit.
Propagation Methods
There are several methods of propagating Crataegus pisifera Sarg. including:
- Seed Propagation: The easiest and the most common method of propagation is seed propagation. Gather the seeds in autumn and store them in a cool, dry place until spring. In early spring, sow the seeds in the prepared soil beds, cover them with a light layer of soil, and keep moist. The seeds will germinate after a few weeks.
- Cuttings: Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is easy to propagate from softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings. Take a few cuttings in late spring or early summer and dip the ends in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a well-drained soil mix and keep them moist. The cuttings should root in 2-3 weeks.
- Layering: Another propagation method is to layer the branches in late fall or winter. Bend the branch down to ground level and make a shallow cut in the bark. Apply rooting hormone and cover the cut area with soil. The branch should root by the following fall and can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted.
Propagation of Crataegus pisifera Sarg. is relatively simple and can be done through various methods. Whether it is seed propagation, cuttings, or layering, the plant can be easily propagated with a little effort and patience.
Disease Management for Crataegus pisifera Sarg.
Crataegus pisifera Sarg., commonly known as the Hawthorn tree, is prone to several diseases that can impact its growth and productivity. Here are some common diseases and their management techniques:
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases such as Cedar-Apple Rust, Leaf Blight, and Powdery Mildew can cause yellowing and premature defoliation in Hawthorn trees. To manage these diseases, prune and dispose of infected plant tissue before the disease spreads. Use fungicides as a preventative measure and follow recommended application rates.
Bacterial Diseases
Fire Blight is a bacterial disease that can cause blackening of branches, blossom blight, and shoot blight. Remove infected branches by at least 8 inches below any visible cankers and dispose of them immediately. Use copper-based fungicides to manage and prevent the disease.
Viral Diseases
Viral diseases like Hawthorn mosaic virus and Rose Mosaic virus can cause chlorosis and distorted leaves, stunted growth, and reduced yield. Remove infected plants or prune out infected tissue. There is no cure for viral infections, so prevention is key. Use virus-free seeds and modified cultural techniques to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Crataegus pisifera Sarg.
Hawthorn trees are also vulnerable to pest infestations that can severely impact its growth and yield. Here are some common insects and their management techniques:
Aphids
Aphids can suck sap from young leaves and twigs, causing distorted growth and reduced yield. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage infestations.
Borers
Borers can tunnel into the tree's bark, causing structural damage to the tree. Prune out and destroy infected branches. Use insecticides to manage the pests.
Leaf Miners
Leaf miners can cause blister-like areas on the tree's leaves, leading to reduced photosynthesis and yield. Use insecticides to manage the pests.
Mites
Mites can suck sap from the foliage, causing discoloration and stippling. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations.
Using integrated pest management techniques can reduce pest pressures in the long run. Promoting beneficial insects, encouraging natural predators, and maintaining tree vigor can all help manage pests.
