Overview
Crataegus mollis Scheele, also known as downy hawthorn, is a small tree or shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This plant is native to North America and is commonly found in the central and eastern regions of the United States.
Common Names
Downy hawthorn is known by a variety of names, including oakleaf hawthorn, green hawthorn, and gray hawthorn.
Uses
Historically, this plant has been used for medicinal purposes including treating heart conditions and digestive issues. Today, it is often used as an ornamental plant due to its beautiful foliage and flowers. Additionally, the fruit of the downy hawthorn is edible and can be used to make jellies and jams.
Appearance
The downy hawthorn usually grows to be around 20 feet tall and 15 feet wide with a rounded, dense crown. The leaves are green and resemble the shape of oak leaves, hence the common name "oakleaf hawthorn." The white flowers bloom in late spring or early summer and the fruit is a small, red berry that ripens in the fall.
Light Requirements
Crataegus mollis Scheele thrives best when planted in areas that receive full sun to partial shade. For optimum growth and development, it is recommended to plant this species in areas that receive at least 6-8 hours of sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species is generally suitable for USDA hardiness zones 4-8. It grows best in areas with a temperate climate and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It is important to note, however, that this plant is susceptible to frost damage during extreme cold weather conditions.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus mollis Scheele prefers well-draining soils that are moist and slightly acidic. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. However, it is important to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot and other diseases. The addition of organic matter such as compost or peat moss can help improve soil quality and promote healthy growth.
Cultivation of Crataegus mollis Scheele
Crataegus mollis Scheele is a deciduous shrub that thrives in temperate climates. Before planting, ensure the soil is well-drained, moist, and fertile to give the plant a good start.
In terms of location, plant the Crataegus mollis Scheele in an area that has well-drained soil, receives full sun or partial shade, and has a cool climate, avoiding areas with extreme heat.
Watering needs for Crataegus mollis Scheele
Water the Crataegus mollis Scheele regularly, especially during dry periods, to prevent the soil from drying out. Water deeply rather than lightly to ensure the entire root system receives moisture.
However, avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again
Fertilization of Crataegus mollis Scheele
Crataegus mollis Scheele benefits from annual fertilization in early spring to promote healthy growth and blooming. Use a slow-release, balanced fertilizer that is high in nitrogen.
Alternatively, an organic fertilizer such as compost or manure can be applied. Be sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package or consult with a local horticulturist for optimal application ratios.
Pruning of Crataegus mollis Scheele
Pruning helps maintain the shape and size of the Crataegus mollis Scheele while preventing pest and disease infestations and promoting healthy growth.
The best time to prune is during the winter when the shrub is dormant. Begin by removing dead, diseased, or damaged branches, followed by selective pruning to shape the plant.
To encourage new growth and increase airflow, prune back one-third of the oldest branches every three years.
Propagation of Crataegus mollis Scheele
Crataegus mollis Scheele, commonly known as downy hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub or small tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. The plant is native to North America and grows up to 5-8 meters tall. The tree produces small white flowers in early summer, followed by red or black fruits in the fall. If you are interested in propagating this plant, here are some methods you may find useful.
Seed Propagation
Crataegus mollis Scheele can be propagated from seed, which can be collected from the fruit in autumn. Once you have gathered the fruits, remove the pulp and store the seeds in a cool, dry place. In the spring, sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep them moist. Germination may take up to 4 to 6 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown to a suitable size, you can transplant them to their desired location.
Cuttings Propagation
You can also propagate the downy hawthorn by taking cuttings from an established plant. The best time to take cuttings is in early summer when the plant is actively growing. Take a cuttings of around 15-20 cm long from a healthy branch, ideally with a woody base. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem and dip it in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix and keep it in a warm, humid place. Maintain the moisture level of the soil and wait for the roots to form. Once the roots have developed, you can transplant the cutting to its desired location.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another method of propagating Crataegus mollis Scheele. For this method, choose a young, flexible stem from the plant you want to propagate. In the spring, bend the stem down to the ground and make a small wound on the underside of the stem where it touches the soil. Cover the wounded area with soil and keep it moist. Wait for the roots to form which usually takes around 2-3 months. Once the plant has produced roots, you can cut it off from the parent plant and transplant it to its new location.
Propagation of Crataegus mollis Scheele can be a rewarding experience, and these methods are relatively simple to follow. However, keep in mind that success rates may vary depending on environmental conditions and other factors.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus mollis Scheele
Crataegus mollis Scheele, commonly known as downy hawthorn, is a deciduous tree that can reach up to 20-feet tall. Like any other plant, the downy hawthorn is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Proper identification of diseases and pests is necessary to ensure proper management.
Diseases
Fire blight is a bacterial disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of the Crataegus mollis. The disease is characterized by wilting of the branches, blackening, and dying of the leaves. The management of the disease involves pruning the affected branches and proper sanitation practices. Spray copper-based fungicides during the dormant season to prevent the spread of the disease.
Cedar-hawthorn rust is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and fruits of the Crataegus mollis. The disease is characterized by orange spots on the leaves and black spots on the fruits. The management of the disease involves pruning the affected branches and the use of copper-based fungicides.
Cedar-quince rust is a fungal disease that affects the Crataegus mollis. The disease is characterized by yellow spots on the leaves and brown spots on the fruits. The management of the disease involves removing infected branches and spraying with fungicides.
Pests
Aphids are common pest problems on Crataegus mollis, and it causes leaf curling, yellowing, and distortion. The management of the pest requires the use of insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
Caterpillars, such as the tent caterpillar and the eastern tent caterpillar, can defoliate the Crataegus mollis. Management of caterpillar pest requires hand-picking the insects or spraying with the appropriate pesticide.
Spider mites are tiny pests that can cause yellow spots on the leaves of Crataegus mollis. The management of the pest requires regular watering of the plants to maintain a healthy and hydrated plant, which will deter the spider mites.
In conclusion, proper management of diseases and pests on Crataegus mollis is essential to ensure an attractive and healthy plant. Regular monitoring and early detection of any diseases or pests can help mitigate the damage and improve plant health.
