Description of Crataegus meyeri
Crataegus meyeri is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as Meyer's hawthorn, named after Frank N. Meyer, the collector who first described the plant.
Origin
The plant is native to China and has been widespread in the eastern and central regions of the country. It is a rare plant that grows in mountain habitats, usually at an altitude of 1,000 to 3,200 meters.
Common Names
The shrub is commonly called Meyer's hawthorn. Other names include Chinese hawthorn and Sanzashi in Japanese. The plant has a wide range of uses in traditional medicine in China.
Appearance
The Meyer's hawthorn is a small tree or shrub that grows up to 4 meters tall with a spread of around 3 meters. It has a dense and thorny branching structure with a rounded crown. The leaves are shiny, dark green, and have a serrated edge. The shrub blooms with white or pink flowers that appear in clusters from May to June. The fruit of the plant is a small red berry that looks similar to a rosehip.
Uses
In traditional Chinese medicine, the plant has been used for centuries to boost digestion, reduce blood pressure, and treat cardiovascular problems. The fruit of the plant is edible and often used in Chinese cuisine to make jams, tea, and wine. The plant is also used as an ornamental shrub in gardens and landscapes.
Light Requirements
Crataegus meyeri grows best in a location that receives full sunlight. It can also tolerate partial shade, but the plant may not produce as many flowers or fruits. If the plant doesn't get enough sunlight, it may become weak and spindly.
Temperature Requirements
Crataegus meyeri requires a cool to temperate climate for optimal growth. It can tolerate extreme temperatures but does best when the temperature ranges from 12-15°C to 30-32°C. If the temperature drops below 5°C or goes above 37°C, it can be detrimental to plant growth.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus meyeri prefers well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant can tolerate different soil types, but it grows best in soil with a pH level between 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should also be moist, but not waterlogged; otherwise, it may lead to root rot.
Cultivation
Crataegus meyeri, commonly known as 'Meyer's Hawthorn,' is a small deciduous tree or shrub that is native to China and Korea. It prefers well-drained soils, a location with full sun, and is well-suited for urban landscapes. While it can tolerate a range of soil types, it prefers a slightly acidic soil pH of around 6.5. It is commonly propagated by seed, layering, and hardwood cuttings.
Watering Needs
Crataegus meyeri needs regular watering, especially during the growing season. It does not tolerate excessively wet soil or prolonged drought. The soil around the plant should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. Care should be taken not to over-water the plant as it may cause root rot.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. A well-balanced, slow-release fertilizer with a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 NPK ratio should be applied to the soil. The fertilizer should be distributed evenly around the base of the plant and then watered in thoroughly. Additional applications of fertilizer can be made every two to three months.
Pruning
Crataegus meyeri requires minimal pruning, but regular maintenance pruning is necessary to maintain its shape and improve its overall health. Pruning should be done during the winter dormant season to avoid damaging the new growth. Dead or damaged branches should be removed first, followed by any crossing or rubbing branches. The remaining branches should be pruned to shape the plant, leaving a natural form. Regular pruning will also help to increase flowering and fruiting.
Propagation of Crataegus meyeri
Crataegus meyeri is commonly propagated by seeds, cuttings, and grafting. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and plant propagation professionals use these methods to propagate this specific species efficiently.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds is the most common method used to propagate Crataegus meyeri. Seeds are sown in a well-drained soil mixture, and then the soil is kept moist until germination begins. After the seedlings have emerged, they are transplanted into pots or the ground. Seeds of Crataegus meyeri do not require any special treatment to germinate, unlike some other plant seeds.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another effective way to propagate Crataegus meyeri. Hardwood cuttings taken in winter when the plant is dormant have the highest potential for success. The cuttings are then planted in a mixture of sand and peat moss and kept moist until new growth appears. This method is simple and predictable, and the new plants develop roots relatively quickly.
Propagation by Grafting
Grafting is another propagation technique used with Crataegus meyeri. A scion from a desirable cultivar is grafted onto a strong understock of the same or closely related species. This method is most often used to ensure the desired plant characteristics are retained, especially when dealing with hybrid cultivars or seed-grown plants with unknown genetics. Grafting is typically done in mid to late winter.
Disease Management
Crataegus meyeri is prone to several diseases that can cause significant damage without proper management. Some of the common diseases that pose a threat to this plant include:
- Cedar-Hawthorn Rust: This fungal disease causes yellow-orange spots on leaves and cankers on stems. It spreads through airborne spores, and infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent spread.
- Fabraea Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes dark brown spots on leaves, leading to defoliation. Good sanitation practices, such as removing infected leaves and debris, can help manage this disease.
- Fire Blight: This bacterial disease causes blackened shoots, shriveled leaves, and cankers. Prune infected branches at least 6 inches below the infection site.
Applying fungicides or bactericides specifically formulated for these diseases can also help control their spread. It is important to follow the instructions on the label and apply these chemicals at the recommended intervals.
Pest Management
In addition to diseases, pests can also infest Crataegus meyeri. Some of the common pests that affect this plant include:
- Hawthorn Lace Bug: This pest feeds on the underside of leaves and causes yellow spotting. In severe infestations, it can lead to leaf drop. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage this pest.
- Hawthorn Spider Mite: This pest causes discoloration and stippling on leaves. It can be managed with miticides or by increasing humidity around the plant.
- Hawthorn Leaf Beetle: This pest feeds on leaves and can cause skeletonization. Handpicking or insecticides can help control this pest.
Regularly inspecting the plant for pests and promptly managing infestations can help prevent damage to the plant. It is important to choose the appropriate insecticide for the specific pest and follow label instructions for application and safety.
