Overview of Crataegus integra Beadle
Crataegus integra Beadle, also known as the Chinese Hawthorn or Shan Zha, is a flowering plant species that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is native to China, Japan, and Korea and is commonly found in Northern China, growing up to an altitude of 2500 meters. The plant has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its sweet and sour-tasting fruit is popular in Asian cuisine.
Appearance of Crataegus integra Beadle
Crataegus integra Beadle is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 7-10 meters tall. The tree has a unique, irregular shape, with crooked trunks and branches that form thickets. The bark is smooth and gray, and the leaves are dark green and shiny. The plant produces white or pink flowers that bloom in May and June and turn into small, apple-shaped red fruits in late summer.
Uses of Crataegus integra Beadle
The fruit of Crataegus integra Beadle is commonly used in Asian cuisine to make jams, jellies, sauces, and candy. The fruit is also used to brew tea, which is believed to help aid digestion and lower cholesterol levels. In traditional Chinese medicine, the fruit is used to facilitate digestion, reduce food stagnation, and improve blood circulation. The leaves and flowers of the plant are also used in herbal medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, respiratory ailments, and inflammation.
Aside from its culinary and medicinal uses, the plant is also grown as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks due to its unique shape and attractive flowers and fruit.
Overall, Crataegus integra Beadle is a significant plant species in Asian culture, known for its culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses.Light requirements
Crataegus integra Beadle requires full sun to thrive. It can grow in partially shaded areas, but with less vigor and fewer flowers and fruits. The plant needs at least six hours of direct sunlight exposure. Therefore, when planting this tree, choose an open spot that receives adequate sunlight.
Temperature requirements
This plant species can withstand a wide range of temperatures, from extremes of cold and heat to moderate temperatures. It is hardy in USDA zones 4-8, which means the temperature can range from -30°F to 20°F. However, too much heat or cold can adversely affect its growth. In summer, provide ample water to support growth and maintain its health.
Soil requirements
The Crataegus integra Beadle is not too particular about soil types, but it grows best in loamy soil with good drainage. It can also grow in sandy or clay-like soils as long as it has good drainage. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. Amend the soil by adding compost or organic matter to improve the soil structure and drainage. Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation Methods
Crataegus integra Beadle, also known as the Chinese hawthorn, is best grown in a location with full sun exposure or partial shade. The plant thrives in well-draining, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. The Chinese hawthorn is tolerant of drought and does well in dry soils, but it should not be kept in waterlogged areas since the roots can rot.
Watering Needs
When initially planted, the Chinese hawthorn should be watered frequently to support root establishment. Once the plant is established, it can be watered less frequently. However, during dry spells, the soil should be checked regularly to ensure that it does not dry out. Avoid watering the plant too much since the roots are prone to rotting in water-logged soils.
Fertilization
It is recommended to fertilize the Chinese hawthorn during the growing season, which is typically from late winter to early fall. Apply a well-balanced fertilizer, with higher amounts of phosphorus to support root and flower development. Apply the fertilizer around the base of the plant and water thoroughly after fertilization to encourage absorption.
Pruning
Pruning the Chinese hawthorn can help keep it in shape and encourage healthy growth. The best time to prune the plant is during its dormant season, which is either in late fall or early spring. Remove any dead or damaged branches, and thin out congested areas to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. However, avoid pruning too much since the plant may not produce many flowers or fruits the following season.
Propagation of Crataegus integra Beadle
There are several methods of propagating Crataegus integra Beadle, also known as the Korean hawthorn:
Seed Propagation
Seeds can be collected from ripe fruit and sown in the fall. Germination can take up to two months and requires cold stratification. The seedlings can be transplanted once they reach a height of three inches and are established enough to handle.
Cuttings Propagation
Hardwood cuttings can be taken in late fall or early winter and should be at least eight inches long. They should be rooted in a well-draining potting mix or directly in the ground, but should be protected from frost. They can be transplanted the following year.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is a more advanced propagation method that involves making a small cut in the bark of a stem and wrapping it in moist sphagnum moss and plastic wrap. Once roots have formed, the stem can be cut and transplanted.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is another advanced propagation method that involves grafting a scion of the desired cultivar onto a rootstock of a related species. This method requires specialized knowledge and skills and is typically done by experienced growers or nurseries.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus integra Beadle
Crataegus integra Beadle, commonly known as the Hairy Hawthorn, is a small tree or shrub native to North America. It is grown for its ornamental value and is a popular choice for landscaping due to its beautiful flowers and berries. However, Hairy Hawthorn can be susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth and overall health.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect the Hairy Hawthorn is fire blight, which is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. The disease causes the leaves and stems of the tree to turn black and can eventually kill the entire plant. To manage fire blight, it is important to prune infected branches and dispose of them properly. Additionally, antimicrobial sprays can be used to control the spread of the disease.
Another disease that can affect the Hairy Hawthorn is cedar-quince rust, caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium clavipes. It causes yellow spots on the leaves and can lead to premature leaf drop. Managing cedar-quince rust involves removing infected plants and reducing the amount of moisture around the tree.
Common Pests
Aphids and mites can be common pests for the Hairy Hawthorn. These small insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause significant damage if left untreated. To manage aphids and mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Ladybugs and lacewings are also natural predators of aphids and can be used in integrated pest management programs.
Scale insects are another common pest for the Hairy Hawthorn. These insects cause the bark of the tree to become discolored and can also cause leaf drop. Pruning affected branches and using horticultural oil or insecticidal soap can help manage scale insects.
Conclusion
By taking a proactive approach to disease and pest management, it is possible to keep Crataegus integra Beadle healthy and thriving. Regular monitoring of the tree for signs of disease or pest infestation, along with proper pruning and use of appropriate treatments can keep these threats under control.
