Overview of Crataegus Insolens Sarg.
Crataegus insolens Sarg. is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the family Rosaceae. It is commonly known as the southern hawthorn.
Origin
The plant is native to the Southern United States, primarily found in Tennessee and surrounding areas. It thrives in sunny locations and can adapt to a variety of soil types.
Appearance
The southern hawthorn can grow up to 8 feet in height and has a spread of about 10 to 12 feet. It has dark green, glossy leaves that are 2 to 3 inches long and deeply lobed. The plant produces clusters of small white flowers in the spring, followed by red to black berries that are about 1/2 inch in diameter.
Uses
Crataegus insolens Sarg. has a long history of medicinal use. The plant's berries, leaves, and flowers contain active compounds that are used to treat heart conditions, digestive issues, and skin problems. In addition, hawthorn berries are used to make jams and jellies.
The plant is also commonly used in landscaping as a hedge or accent plant due to its beautiful foliage and showy flowers and fruits.
Typical Growth Conditions for Crataegus insolens Sarg.
The growth of Crataegus insolens Sarg. is highly dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions. Here is detailed information regarding the typical growth conditions required for this plant to grow and thrive.
Light Requirements
Crataegus insolens Sarg. grows well in direct sunlight or partial shade. For optimal growth, the plant requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day. If grown in areas with hot summers, it is advisable to provide some shade during the hottest part of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is adaptable to a wide range of temperatures. However, it grows best in moderate temperatures ranging from 60°F to 75°F (15.5°C to 23.8°C). The plant can tolerate frost, but temperatures below 20°F (-6.7°C) can kill it.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus insolens Sarg. prefers well-draining soils with a neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good water retention capacity. The plant can also tolerate sandy soils but cannot grow in compacted or poorly drained soils.
It is essential to note that these are not the only growth conditions for Crataegus insolens Sarg. The plant's growth depends on other factors such as humidity, wind, and altitude. Additionally, the plant may have different growth conditions in different regions, depending on the climate and soil type.
Cultivation Methods
Crataegus insolens Sarg. plant, commonly known as the Inland Hawthorn, prefers to grow in full sun or partial shade in moist, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. This plant can tolerate variations in temperature but prefers a humid climate. The plant can grow up to a height of 12 feet and a spread of 10 feet.
Watering Needs
To ensure the proper growth of the Inland Hawthorn, it is essential to maintain consistent moisture levels in the soil. The plant requires regular watering, especially during prolonged dry spells. Sufficient irrigation is required during the initial growth stage, while frequent watering may not be necessary after the plant has matured.
Fertilization
The Inland Hawthorn plant benefits from annual fertilization in early spring with an all-purpose granular fertilizer. Applying compost to the soil occasionally can also provide essential nutrients. Over fertilization can harm the plant, so it is essential to follow the recommended dosage levels.
Pruning
Pruning the Inland Hawthorn is necessary to maintain its shape and size, promote airflow within the plant, and encourage new growth. It is best to prune the plant while it is dormant in late winter or early spring. Removing any diseased, damaged, or dead branches is crucial to maintain the plant's health. The Inland Hawthorn's branches tend to have thorns, so wearing protective gloves while pruning is wise.
Propagation of Crataegus insolens Sarg.
Crataegus insolens Sarg., commonly known as the Inland Hawthorn, is a small deciduous tree or large shrub that belongs to the family Rosaceae. The plant is native to central and western United States and is popularly grown as an ornamental plant. Propagating Crataegus insolens can be done through various methods including seed propagation, hardwood cutting, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the easiest and most common method of propagating Crataegus insolens. The plant produces small brown fruits containing seeds that can be collected in autumn. The seeds should be stratified in the refrigerator for two to three months before planting in well-draining soil. Sow the seeds in early spring and keep the soil moist until germination, which usually occurs within three to six weeks. The resulting seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location after they have developed several leaves and become large enough to handle.
Hardwood Cuttings
Hardwood cuttings are another propagation method that can be used to propagate Crataegus insolens. The best time to take hardwood cuttings is during the dormant season, which is usually in late autumn or early winter when the plant has shed its leaves. Take cuttings from the current-year growth that is at least 10 inches long and pencil-thick. Make a clean cut just below a leaf node and remove all but the top one or two leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and the cuttings in a cool, shady area until they begin to root and produce new growth.
Grafting
Grafting is a more advanced propagation method that involves joining a scion from a desirable tree to the rootstock of Crataegus insolens. The best time to graft is during the dormant season, usually in late winter or early spring. Collect the scionwood from the desired tree and make a clean cut just below a bud. Make a corresponding cut on the rootstock and match the two cambium layers together. Secure the two pieces with grafting tape or wax and keep the graft union moist until it begins to grow. Grafting has a higher success rate than other propagation methods but requires more skill and experience.
Overall, Crataegus insolens Sarg. can be propagated through seed propagation, hardwood cutting, and grafting. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but all are effective ways to propagate this ornamental tree or shrub.
Disease Management
Crataegus insolens Sarg., commonly known as the Black Hawthorn, can fall prey to various diseases in its lifetime. However, preventive measures can help to keep the plant healthy:
- Fungal diseases: These may cause leaf spots, fruit rot, or cankers in the plant. To prevent such diseases, it is crucial to provide good air circulation by spacing out the plants adequately. It is also essential to prune the plant correctly and get rid of dead and diseased limbs. Fungicides can also be used as a preventive measure.
- Bacterial diseases: These can cause scab, fire blight, or leaf spots in the plant. These diseases can be prevented by avoiding overhead irrigation to reduce humidity levels. Also, make sure to keep the plant free of fallen leaves and debris.
- Viral diseases: These can cause stunting, yellowing, and mosaic patterns on the leaves. Unfortunately, there is no cure for viral diseases. Therefore, preventive measures like keeping the plant healthy and using virus-free planting material are essential.
Pest Management
Crataegus insolens Sarg. can be attacked by various pests that can weaken the plant. Here are some common pests and ways to manage them:
- Aphids: These tiny insects suck the sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth. They can be removed by spraying the plant with water or insecticidal soap solution.
- Spider mites: They are too small to be seen with the naked eye but can cause a web-like substance on the plant leaves, making them look dusted. The best way to control spider mites is by spraying the plant with water or insecticidal soap solution.
- Scale insects: These insects can cause yellowing and stunted growth in the plant. They can be managed by removing them with a soft-bristled brush dipped in alcohol. Insecticidal soap can also be used.
- Leafhoppers: These pests feed on the plant's sap, causing leaves to curl up and turn brown. Sticky traps can be used to control their spread, or insecticides can be used as necessary.
