Description of Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as Chippewa hawthorn or Chippewa mayhaw. The plant is native to the central and eastern regions of North America, specifically in the states of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa.
General Appearance
The Chippewa hawthorn typically grows to a height of 6-12 feet with a spread of 10-15 feet. The plant has a rounded shape with thorny branches that are dark brown to grayish in color. The leaves are alternate with an elliptic to obovate shape, hairless, and serrated margins. The flowers of this plant are small, white to pink in color, and bloom in late spring to early summer. The fruit produced by this shrub is a red pome that is edible and resembles a small apple.
Uses
The Chippewa hawthorn is often grown for its ornamental value due to its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruit. It is also used in wildlife gardens and conservation for its ability to attract pollinators and birds. The fruit of this plant is edible and can be used to make jams and jellies, but it is not commonly consumed due to its tart taste. The bark and leaves of the Chippewa hawthorn have been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, digestive issues, and respiratory problems.
Light Requirements
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth and development. It can withstand brief periods of shade, but prolonged shade can negatively affect its growth and flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to the eastern regions of North America and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. However, it prefers moderate temperatures between 60-80°F (16-27°C) and can withstand occasional winter frosts.
Soil Requirements
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer prefers well-draining soils that are slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it prefers moist, fertile soils with moderate to high organic matter content. It is not recommended to plant this variety in poorly drained or waterlogged soils.
Cultivation Methods
The Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer, commonly known as Chippewa Hawthorn, is a shrub that thrives in warm weather and direct sunlight. It requires well-draining soil and can be grown in both acidic and alkaline soils. It is best to plant it in the spring or fall for optimal growth and development. Prior to planting, it is recommended to loosen the soil to provide space for the roots to expand and prevent root-bound plants.
Watering Needs
Chippewa Hawthorns require regular watering throughout the growing season to establish strong roots and promote healthy growth. It is advisable to water deeply but less frequently to avoid waterlogging the soil. Once the shrub has established and roots have reached deeper soil, watering can be reduced. It is important to avoid overhead watering to prevent fungus and disease growth.
Fertilization
Fertilization is essential for healthy plant growth. The Chippewa Hawthorn plant thrives in nutrient-rich soil. Before planting the shrub, it is recommended to add compost to the soil to provide a good source of nutrients. Applying a balanced fertilizer, preferably slow-release, in the early spring can enhance foliage growth and flower production.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of the Chippewa Hawthorn plant. Pruning should be done in late winter when the plant is dormant to promote new growth. Cut any dead or damaged branches and suckers that grow out from the base of the plant. Avoid cutting more than one-third of the plant as it can cause stress. By pruning regularly, the plant can maintain good airflow, sunlight, and promote flower production.
Propagation of Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer
There are several propagation methods that can be used for the Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer plant:
Seed Propagation
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer seeds can be collected from mature fruit during autumn and need to be stratified. Stratification involves placing the seeds in a mix of peat moss and sand, moistened with water, and storing them in a refrigerator for 60 to 90 days. The seeds should then be sown in a seedling tray and kept in a warm and light environment until germination, which may take up to 2 years.
Cuttings Propagation
Softwood cuttings taken in May or June can be used to propagate Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer. The cuttings should be taken from the current year's growth, and the bottom leaves should be removed. The cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone and inserted into a rooting medium like a mixture of perlite and peat. The cuttings should be kept moist and placed under a misting system or covered with a plastic bag until rooted.
Division Propagation
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer can also be propagated by dividing established plants. The best time to divide plants is in early spring before new growth starts or in the fall after the plant has gone dormant. The plant should be lifted carefully from the ground and divided into sections with roots attached. Each section should have its own shoot and root system, and the divisions should be replanted immediately.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer, also known as Chippewa hawthorn, is an ornamental shrub with small, white flowers that bloom in the spring and red berries in the fall. Like any plant, it can become susceptible to diseases and pests that can harm the plant's overall health and appearance. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Chippewa hawthorn and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Cedar-Apple Rust: This disease is caused by a fungus that requires both cedar and apple trees to complete its life cycle. Symptoms include yellow spots on the leaves that eventually turn brown and develop gray spores on the undersides. To manage this disease, remove any nearby cedar trees and use fungicides as needed.
Fire Blight: This bacterial disease can cause brown discoloration and wilting of the leaves, stems, and flowers. It spreads quickly during warm, wet weather, particularly in the spring. To manage this disease, remove any infected branches and use antibiotics as needed.
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes circular, dark brown spots on the leaves that can cause premature leaf drop. To manage this disease, remove any infected leaves and use fungicides as needed.
Pests
Aphids: These small insects can suck the sap from the leaves and stems, causing wilting and yellowing of the leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings.
Spider Mites: These tiny insects can cause yellowing and bronze discoloration of the leaves, as well as fine webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, or introduce natural predators like predatory mites or ladybugs.
Scale Insects: These insects appear as small, raised bumps on the stems and leaves and can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage scale insects, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, or scrape them off with a toothbrush.
Implementing good cultural practices like proper watering and fertilization can also help minimize disease and pest problems. In addition, regular monitoring of the plant can catch any issues early, before they become major problems.
