Overview
Crataegus grandis Ashe, also known as the Big-Fruit Hawthorn, is a deciduous tree in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the southeastern United States.
Common Names
The tree is commonly referred to as Big-Fruit Hawthorn, Large-Fruited Thorn, and Rusty Hawthorn.
Description and Appearance
The Crataegus grandis Ashe tree can grow up to 10 meters in height. It has a spreading crown, armed with sharp thorns, and thick, grayish bark. The leaves are oval-shaped, 5 to 10 cm long, and shiny, light green. The tree produces showy, white flowers in the spring, which are 2-3 cm in diameter. In the fall, the tree bears bright red or orange fruit that is 2-3 cm in diameter, hence the common name Big-Fruit Hawthorn.
Uses
Crataegus grandis Ashe has several uses. Its fruit is edible and is used to make jelly, wine, and tea. The tree also has medicinal properties, and its leaves, flowers, and fruit are used to treat various ailments such as heart and stomach problems, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Additionally, the Crataegus grandis Ashe tree is used as an ornamental tree in landscapes and gardens, as it boasts picturesque spring blooms and fall foliage.
Growth Conditions of Crataegus grandis Ashe
Crataegus grandis Ashe, commonly known as Ashe's hawthorn, is a small deciduous tree species that is native to the southeastern United States.
Light Requirements
Ashe's hawthorn grows best in full sun to partial shade conditions. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight every day to thrive, but in extremely hot and dry climates, it may require some shade to avoid sunscald and reduce water loss through transpiration.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species is well adapted to a range of temperatures and can withstand moderate drought conditions. Typically, Ashe's hawthorn thrives in a temperature range of 60°F to 90°F. However, it can survive in climates as cold as -20°F.
Soil Requirements
Ashe's hawthorn prefers a well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can grow in a variety of soil types, from sandy to loamy. It is recommended to amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure. Mulching the soil around the base of the tree can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
In summary, Crataegus grandis Ashe is a versatile plant species that can adapt to a range of growing conditions. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight, can thrive in temperatures from 60°F to 90°F, and prefers a well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
Cultivation
The first step in cultivating Crataegus grandis Ashe is to select a well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. These plants prefer slightly acidic to moderately alkaline soils, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It is advisable to plant this shrub in an area that receives full sun exposure, but it tolerates partial shade well. Ensure that the site is free from weeds and grasses before planting.
Watering Needs
Healthy Crataegus grandis Ashe requires consistent watering, especially during the establishment period. Watering should be done regularly to maintain the soil moist, but avoid waterlogging. Drought conditions, on the other hand, can lead to stunted growth and poor fruit production. It is good to water the shrub early in the morning or late in the afternoon to allow the plant to absorb as much water as possible.
Fertilization
Proper fertilization encourages healthy growth and enhances fruit production. Consider applying a well-balanced fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The ideal time to fertilize Crataegus grandis Ashe is during the growing season, which occurs during spring and summer. Start with a slow-releasing fertilizer that releases the nutrients over a more extended period, then supplement with a water-soluble fertilizer every four to six weeks.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining the shape and size of the Crataegus grandis Ashe plant. Aim to prune the shrub during the dormant season, which is winter. Remove the dead, damaged, or diseased branches and thin out the old wood. Shrubs that have matured can be hard-pruned to stimulate new growth and enhance fruit production. Always use clean pruning shears to avoid transmitting diseases from one plant to the other.
Propagation of Crataegus grandis Ashe
Crataegus grandis Ashe, commonly known as Big hawthorn, is a shrub or small tree that can grow up to 10 meters tall. It is native to the southeastern United States and is adapted to a wide range of soil types. Propagation of this plant can be done using several methods including seed propagation, softwood cuttings, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Propagation of Crataegus grandis Ashe using seeds is the most common method. The seeds of this plant are best collected in the fall and sown immediately once harvested. The seeds can be propagated either indoors or outdoors. When propagating indoors, the seeds can be sown in pots or trays filled with well-draining soil and kept moist. Germination usually occurs within a few weeks. When propagating outdoors, the seeds can be sown directly into the ground where the plants are to be grown. The germination rate for seeds propagated outdoors is typically lower than seeds propagated indoors.
Softwood Cuttings
Softwood cuttings of Crataegus grandis Ashe can be taken during the late spring or early summer. The cuttings should be about 10cm long and taken from the growing tip of the plant. The cuttings should be dipped into rooting hormone before being planted in a well-draining soil mixture. The cuttings should be kept moist and out of direct sunlight until they have developed a sufficient root system. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transferred to a larger pot or planted directly into the ground.
Grafting
Grafting is another method that can be used to propagate Crataegus grandis Ashe. This method involves joining a stem or bud of the desired plant onto a different plant’s rootstock. The resulting plant will have the desirable characteristics of the desired plant and the root system of the rootstock. Grafting is a more complex method and is typically done by experienced gardeners or horticulturists.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus grandis Ashe
Crataegus grandis Ashe, also known as Ashe's hawthorn, is a small tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. The plant has a high resistance to pests and diseases, but it is still vulnerable to some infections and infestations. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Fire blight: This disease affects hawthorns, as well as other members of the Rosaceae family. Fire blight is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, which thrives in warm and wet conditions. The disease can cause wilting, dieback, and cankers. To manage fire blight, prune infected branches, and clean tools with a disinfectant solution. Also, avoid overhead watering, as it can spread the bacterial infection.
2. Rust: This disease is caused by fungi from the genus Gymnosporangium, and it affects a wide range of plants, including hawthorns. Rust appears as orange-yellow spots on leaves, and can cause defoliation. To manage rust, remove infected leaves, and provide good air circulation around the plant. Also, avoid planting hawthorns near junipers, which are alternate hosts of the rust fungus.
Pests
1. Spider mites: These tiny arachnids are common in dry and warm environments, and they can cause damage to hawthorn leaves by feeding on them. Spider mites appear as small red or brown dots on the leaves, and can cause discoloration and distortion. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil, and provide enough moisture to keep the air humid.
2. Scale insects: These insects are small and oval-shaped, with a hard shell that protects them from predators and insecticides. Scale insects feed on plant sap, and can cause yellowing and stunted growth. To manage scale insects, apply horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to the plant, and remove heavily infested branches if necessary.
By following these disease and pest management practices, you can keep your Crataegus grandis Ashe healthy and thriving.
