Origin and common names
Crataegus fragilis Beadle, commonly known as the brittle hawthorn, is a species of deciduous shrub in the Rosaceae family. It is native to the eastern and central parts of North America and can be found in various regions such as Ontario, Quebec, and the Great Lakes area. The plant can also be found in parts of the eastern United States, stretching from Maine to Central Florida, and from Minnesota to Texas.Appearance
The brittle hawthorn is a small shrub that typically grows up to 4 meters in height. The plant's leaves are dark green, glossy, and have serrated edges. The flowers of the plant are small and white, with a fragrant smell that attracts bees and other pollinators. The plant's fruit is a bright red, round-shaped berry that grows in clusters and ripens in late summer.Uses
The brittle hawthorn has a long history of medicinal use and is believed to have numerous health benefits. The plant's leaves, flowers, and berries are all used in traditional remedies to treat various ailments such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and digestive issues. The flowers and berries are also used to make tea and other herbal remedies. In addition to its medicinal uses, the brittle hawthorn is also a popular ornamental plant. Its flowers and berries add color and interest to gardens, and its hardy nature makes it a great choice for landscapes in many regions of North America. The plant is also used in hedgerows, as it forms dense thickets that provide habitat for birds and other wildlife.Light Requirements
The Crataegus fragilis Beadle, also known as the brittle hawthorn, typically grows in areas with full sun exposure. It thrives in direct sunlight and can withstand up to 8 hours of sun exposure per day.
Temperature Requirements
The Crataegus fragilis Beadle prefers moderate temperatures and can survive in both hot and cold environments. The plant typically grows in regions with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). However, it can survive in temperatures as low as -30°C (-22°F) and as high as 40°C (104°F) for brief periods.
Soil Requirements
The Crataegus fragilis Beadle prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It grows best in soils that are well-draining but moist and rich in organic matter. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy and clay soils.
Cultivation
Crataegus fragilis Beadle, commonly known as the brittle hawthorn, thrives in well-drained soils that are rich in nutrients and organic matter. This deciduous tree requires full sun for optimal growth and development. It is best planted in a spacious area where it can spread and grow to its full height of 20-30 feet.
Watering Needs
Watering the brittle hawthorn regularly is important for its growth and health. It requires deep watering at least once a week during its growing season, which is typically from spring to fall. Mulching around the base of the tree can also help retain moisture in the soil and reduce the frequency of watering.
Fertilization
Providing the brittle hawthorn with the necessary nutrients is essential for its proper growth and development. Fertilization should be done in early spring before new growth begins. The use of a slow-release fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can help ensure optimal growth.
Pruning
Pruning the brittle hawthorn is important to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. It is best done during the dormant season in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches is essential for maintaining the tree's health. Thinning out the canopy can also help improve air circulation and sunlight penetration.
Propagation Methods for Crataegus Fragilis Beadle
Crataegus fragilis Beadle, also known as the fragrant hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to North America. Propagation of this plant is relatively easy and can be achieved through various methods:
Seed Propagation
One of the most common methods of propagating Crataegus fragilis Beadle is through seed propagation. Seeds can be collected from ripe fruit in the fall or purchased from reputable nurseries. After collection, the seeds should be cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place until the spring. In the spring, the seeds can be sowed in a well-draining soil mix and covered with a thin layer of soil. The seeds will germinate in approximately 4-6 weeks and can be transplanted into individual containers once they have developed their first set of true leaves.
Cuttings Propagation
Another method of propagating Crataegus fragilis Beadle is through cutting propagation. Semi-hardwood cuttings should be taken in the late summer to early fall and should be approximately 6-8 inches in length. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept moist and placed in a warm, sunny location. Roots should begin to develop in 4-6 weeks, and the new plants can be transplanted into individual containers once they have developed new growth.
Layers Propagation
Layer propagation of Crataegus fragilis Beadle is another technique that can be used to propagate this plant. This method involves selecting a low-hanging branch on the parent plant and bending it down to touch the ground. The branch should be partially buried, leaving the tip exposed. After a few weeks, roots should begin to develop from the buried portion of the branch. Once the new plant has established a healthy root system, it can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into its own container.
Regardless of the propagation method used, new plants should be kept in a warm, sunny location and watered regularly until they become established. Additionally, it is important to protect new plants from extreme weather conditions, such as frost or high winds, until they have matured.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus fragilis Beadle
Crataegus fragilis Beadle, commonly known as Fragile hawthorn or Crack hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub native to North America. Although this plant is hardy and disease-resistant, it may still become infested with pests or infected with diseases in unfavorable growing conditions. The following are common diseases and pests that might affect Crataegus fragilis and some ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Fire Blight: This is a bacterial disease that affects Crataegus fragilis and is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Symptoms of this disease include wilting, browning and blackening of flowers, leaves or twigs. To manage this disease, prune infected parts of the plant and dispose of them safely. Also, apply copper sprays during the growing season.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery coating on the leaves, flowers, and stems of Crataegus fragilis. To control the spread of this disease, remove infected plant parts, maintain proper airflow and spacing between plants, and apply sulfur or potassium bicarbonate fungicides.
Cedar-Apple Rust: This fungal disease is caused by a fungus, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, and appears as orange spots on leaves and stems. To manage this disease, remove infected plant parts, apply fungicides, and consider planting resistant cultivars.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: These are the most common pests that attack Crataegus fragilis. They appear as small and red-colored arachnids that feed on the undersides of leaves and leave behind discolored, wilted and scabbed leaves. To manage spider mites, spray water on the leaves frequently and apply insecticidal soaps or oils.
Caterpillars: These are the larvae of moths and butterflies that feed on the leaves and flowers of Crataegus fragilis. To manage caterpillars, manually remove and dispose of them or apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide.
Japanese Beetles: These pests feed on the leaves, flowers, and fruits of Crataegus fragilis, causing damage to both the plant's aesthetic appearance and horticultural yield. To manage Japanese Beetles, prune and dispose of the affected parts, apply insecticidal soaps, or use pheromone traps.
Proper care and maintenance, such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, and adequate sunlight, can help maintain the health and vitality of Crataegus fragilis. In case of severe pest infestation or disease outbreak, consult with a horticulturist, who can recommend appropriate treatments or chemicals that are safe and effective.
