Overview
Crataegus extraria Beadle is a deciduous shrub or small tree that belongs to the family Rosaceae. It is commonly known as the Hancock hawthorn or the Hancock thorn.
Origin
The Hancock hawthorn is native to the United States and is typically found in the central and eastern regions of the country.
Common Names
The Hancock hawthorn is commonly known as the Hancock thorn because of its sharp thorns that run along the branches. Other names for this plant include dotted hawthorn, Hancock's thornapple, and common hawthorn.
Appearance
The Hancock hawthorn typically grows to a height of 10 to 30 feet and has a spread of 10 to 20 feet. It has a dense, round crown and a trunk diameter of up to 9 inches. The leaves are dark green and are deeply lobed, with serrated edges. The flowers are white, with a diameter of about 1 inch. The fruit is a small, red pome and is about 0.25 to 0.5 inches in diameter. The branches are thorny, with the thorns measuring up to 3 inches long.
Uses
The Hancock hawthorn is commonly used as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscaping. It is also used for erosion control, as it can be planted in areas that are prone to soil erosion. The fruit of the hawthorn is edible and has been used in traditional medicine for its cardiac benefits. The plant is also used as a natural hedge or fence due to its thorny branches.
Growth Conditions for Crataegus Extraria Beadle
Light: This plant prefers full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive. However, it can tolerate shade to some extent, but it may not produce as many flowers or fruits in such conditions.
Temperature: Crataegus Extraria Beadle can adapt to various temperature ranges and can survive in most climates. However, it grows best in moderate temperatures, between 60°F to 75°F. It can withstand cold winters and hot summers, but extreme temperatures may hamper its growth and development.
Soil: The plant thrives in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral. It prefers loamy soil over sandy or clay soils as loam retains moisture while allowing enough drainage. The soil's pH should be between 5.0 and 7.5.
Moisture: Crataegus Extraria Beadle requires moderate watering and cannot tolerate waterlogged soils. It is drought-tolerant and can handle long periods with very little watering but performs better with an average amount of water supply. A general rule is to water it when the top 2 inches of soil is dry. In potting arrangements, containers with drainage holes are preferable to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization: This species does not require frequent fertilization as it can obtain essential nutrients from the soil. However, fertilization once or twice a year, after pruning or during the growing season, could improve plant vitality and promote flowering and fruit production. It is best to use all-purpose fertilizer or one that specifically caters to the plant's nutrient requirements.
Pruning: Pruning operations ensure the plant maintains an appealing structure and corrects any damaged or dead plant parts. It is best to prune significantly in early spring to promote healthy growth and improve the quality of fruit production.
By following the tips provided above, you can give Crataegus Extraria Beadle a suitable growth environment to thrive and produce the best quality flowers and fruits.
Cultivation Methods of Crataegus Extraria Beadle
Crataegus extraria Beadle, also known as the cockspur thorn or the New Mexico hawthorn, is a small tree or a tall shrub that grows well in almost any soil. It can tolerate dry conditions and is highly resistant to pests and diseases. For cultivation, start by selecting a planting location with full to partial sun exposure, preferably in well-drained soil.
When planting Crataegus extraria Beadle, dig a hole twice the size of the root ball and backfill it with compost or organic matter mixed with soil to help improve soil fertility and structure. Water the tree deeply, and mulch the area to help conserve moisture and control weeds.
Watering Needs of Crataegus Extraria Beadle
Crataegus extraria Beadle requires moderate watering, especially during the hot and dry summer months. Water the tree deeply at least once a week, ensuring the soil is moist about four inches deep. However, avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot disease, which affects the plant's growth and development.
Fertilization of Crataegus Extraria Beadle
Fertilization of Crataegus extraria Beadle is necessary to facilitate healthy growth and development. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, at the start of the growing season in spring after the last frost. Apply the fertilizer around the base of the tree or the shrub and water it thoroughly. However, avoid overapplication of fertilizers as it can lead to unnecessary leaf growth and make the plant susceptible to pests and diseases.
Pruning of Crataegus Extraria Beadle
Pruning of Crataegus extraria Beadle is necessary to remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches and promote healthy growth, blooming, and fruiting. The best time to prune the tree or shrub is in late winter or early spring before the new growth starts. Use clean and sharp pruning tools, and make clean cuts to minimize the risk of infections.
When pruning, cut back up to one-third of the plant's total height or remove as much as necessary to maintain its desired shape and size. Also, thin out the plant's canopy to promote better air circulation and sunlight penetration, which helps minimize pest and disease problems.
Propagation of Crataegus extraria Beadle
There are various methods of propagating Crataegus extraria Beadle, such as:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the easiest way to propagate Crataegus extraria Beadle. The seeds should be collected from the ripe fruit of the tree, which usually occurs in the fall. Remove the pulp from the seeds and dry them for a few days. Once the seeds are dry, sow them in a well-draining soil mix. Keep them moist and in a warm location.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings can be taken from semi-ripe wood in the summer. Cut the stem at an angle, just below a node. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep it moist and in a shaded location. These cuttings can take quite some time to root and may take several years to develop into trees.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is another way to propagate Crataegus extraria Beadle. It is a faster method compared to the above two. You can graft during the dormant season by selecting a scion from a healthy tree and grafting it onto a rootstock of another species of hawthorn. This method requires expertise, so it is recommended for experienced gardeners or professionals.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus extraria Beadle
Like any other plant, Crataegus extraria Beadle is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Disease and pest management are essential to keep the plant healthy and thriving. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Cedar-Apple Rust: Cedar-Apple rust is a fungal disease that causes orange spots on the upper surface of the leaves. To manage this disease, remove all infected leaves and destroy them. Also, prune and destroy all cedar trees in the vicinity to prevent further infection.
Fire Blight: Fire blight is a bacterial disease that can cause severe damage to the plant. It causes the leaves and branches to wilt and turn black. To manage this disease, prune the infected branches at least six inches below the infected area and immediately destroy them.
Black Spot: Black spot is a fungal disease that causes black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove all infected leaves and destroy them. Ensure that the plant has proper air circulation and avoid overhead watering, as the water can splash the fungal spores to other parts of the plant.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are tiny green or black insects that suck the sap from the plant. They can cause the leaves to curl and distort. To manage this pest, spray the plant with a strong jet of water or use insecticidal soap.
Japanese Beetles: Japanese beetles are metallic green beetles that can cause severe damage to the plant, especially during the summer months. To manage this pest, handpick them off the plant or use insecticides. Also, avoid planting plants that attract Japanese beetles, such as roses and grapes, in the same area.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny, web-spinning pests that can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves. To manage this pest, spray the plant with a strong jet of water or use an insecticidal soap.
Regular monitoring and proper sanitation practices, such as removing fallen leaves and keeping the area around the plant clean, can help prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. Contact a professional if the problem persists or if you are unsure about the best course of action.
