Overview
Crataegus dispessa Ashe, also known as the disjunct hawthorn, is a species of deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This tree is endemic to the United States of America and is commonly found in regions of Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The disjunct hawthorn typically grows in open woods, slopes, and ridges.
Common Names
Crataegus dispessa Ashe is known by several common names, including the Appalachian hawthorn, the Blue Ridge hawthorn, and the disjunct thorn.
Uses
The disjunct hawthorn serves many purposes both for humans and for animals. Historically, its wood was used for making arrows, tool handles, and furniture. The leaves, flowers, and fruits of this species have been widely used in traditional medicine for their potential cardiovascular effects. In addition, the fruit of this tree is a source of food for various bird species including the Cedar Waxwings, Evening Grosbeaks, and American Robins.
Appearance
The disjunct hawthorn is a small to medium-sized tree, typically not growing more than 10 meters tall. It forms a dense, rounded crown and its trunk has a gnarled appearance. The leaves of Crataegus dispessa Ashe are simple, lobed and have a glossy green surface. The tree produces several white flowers, typically in dense clusters and has a striking fruit in shades of orange-red that matures in late summer or early fall. Its fruit typically measures around 1cm in diameter and has a taste that is similar to that of apples.
Growth Conditions for Crataegus dispessa Ashe
Light Requirements: Crataegus dispessa Ashe thrives in areas with full sunlight exposure. The plant needs at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to grow properly. If the plant is exposed to shade, it may cause limited growth or delayed blooming.
Temperature: Crataegus dispessa Ashe can endure a wide range of temperatures. However, the plant prefers a moderate temperature between 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit (15.5 to 26.6 degrees Celsius). During the winter, the plant can tolerate temperatures below freezing, but long term exposure to harsh conditions may lead to plant death.
Soil Requirements: The plant prefers well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Crataegus dispessa Ashe thrives in loamy and sandy soils, and prefers soil that is rich in organic matter. It is important to avoid areas with compacted or clay soils as it can restrict root development. Over watering must be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other plant diseases
It is also important to note that the Crataegus dispessa Ashe is a slow-growing plant, typically reaching heights of only 5-10 feet (1.5-3 meters) at maturity. However, it is a long-lived and hardy species, capable of surviving in adverse environmental conditions. Overall, providing optimal growth conditions will ensure that the plant grows successfully and continues to enhance its surroundings.
Cultivation methods
The Crataegus dispessa Ashe, also known as the bush hawthorn, is easy to cultivate and grow. It is a deciduous shrub that typically grows up to 8 feet tall. The plant has a tolerance for various types of soil, including clay, sand, and loam. However, it grows best in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter and have a pH range of 6.0-7.5.
It is essential to plant the bush hawthorn in an area with full sunlight exposure. Ideally, the plant performs well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8. If you are planting multiple shrubs, ensure they are spaced 6-8 feet apart. Additionally, you may need to provide some support for the shrub when it matures to prevent bending or breaking of branches.
Watering needs
The Crataegus dispessa Ashe plant requires moderate watering, especially when the roots are establishing. The first two years after planting, you will need to water the plant regularly. However, once the roots are well-established, the plant can survive on normal rainfall levels. As a watering tip, always ensure the soil is moistened to a depth of 12 inches.
Fertilization
Fertilizing the Crataegus dispessa Ashe plant is essential to ensure healthy growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) in early spring before new growth begins. Fertilize the plants again in summer and fall using organic compost or well-rotted manure. The plant does not require excess nitrogen, which may lead to excessive, leafy growth, and poor flowering.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential maintenance practice for the Crataegus dispessa Ashe plant. You should prune the plant in late fall or early spring to remove any dead, diseased, or broken branches. Additionally, pruning will help maintain the desired shape and size of the plant. Avoid pruning after the onset of new growth as it may hinder the plant's ability to produce flowers.
During the pruning process, disinfect your pruning tools before each cut to prevent the spread of disease between plants. A sharp pair of pruning scissors or shears will make clean cuts, reducing the risk of leaving damaged areas where pests and pathogens can enter.
Propagation Methods for Crataegus dispessa Ashe
Propagation of Crataegus dispessa Ashe is primarily done through seeds and vegetative cuttings.
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Crataegus dispessa Ashe can be collected from the fruit which is a small red drupe. It is important to collect the seeds when they are fully matured and ripe. The collected seeds are then cleaned, stratified, and sown in containers filled with well-draining soil.
After sowing, the containers should be kept in a location with a constant temperature of around 15-20°C and moderate humidity until germination occurs. Germination can take up to 90 days to occur. Once the seedlings have grown around 2-3 sets of leaves, they can be transplanted into individual containers or out into the field.
Vegetative Cuttings Propagation
Propagation of Crataegus dispessa Ashe through vegetative cuttings involves taking a healthy cutting from a matured tree during late fall or early winter when the tree is dormant. The cutting should be around 20 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, and taken from a branch that is about 2-3 years old.
After cutting, remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting and dip it in a rooting hormone solution. After that, place the cutting in a container filled with a well-draining soil mix followed by watering it properly. Then, keep the container in a location with a constant temperature of around 18-20°C and high humidity (80-90%).
A rooting system will grow within 4-5 weeks using this method. When the cuttings begin to grow actively, you can transplant them into individual containers or out into the field.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus dispessa Ashe
Crataegus dispessa Ashe, commonly known as the Sandhill Hawthorn, is a small tree that is native to the southeastern parts of the United States. Like other plants, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Effective management is crucial in preventing infestations and minimizing damages.
Common Diseases of Crataegus dispessa Ashe
Some of the common diseases that may affect the Sandhill Hawthorn include:
- Fire Blight: This bacterial disease causes leaves and twigs to wilt and turn black. It can spread quickly, killing the plant within a few weeks. Preventive measures include pruning infected branches, proper sanitation, and application of copper-based fungicides.
- Rust: This fungal disease appears as yellow or orange spots on leaves, and can cause defoliation and slow the growth of the tree. Rust may be controlled by removing infected leaves and using fungicides such as chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white powder-like substance on the leaves and can stunt the growth of the tree. It is controllable by pruning infected areas and applying neem oil or sulfur-based fungicides.
Common Pests that Affect Crataegus dispessa Ashe
The Sandhill Hawthorn may also be affected by various pests, including:
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and difficult to detect but cause premature leaf drop and stunted growth. High-pressure water sprays or insecticidal soaps can control spider mites.
- Scale Insects: These insects appear as small, waxy bumps on the stem, leaves, or roots, causing yellowing and leaf drop. Insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils can control scale insects.
- Caterpillars: These pests consume leaves and may cause complete defoliation if not controlled. Caterpillars may be managed using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or insecticidal sprays.
In conclusion, proper disease and pest management practices can go a long way in maintaining the health and appearance of the Sandhill Hawthorn. Always consult with an expert in your area before using any pesticide or fungicide on your plant.
