Overview
Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. is a deciduous shrub in the Rosaceae family that is commonly found in the eastern United States. This plant is known for its striking red to orange-red fruits that can often be seen on the tree into the winter months.
Appearance
The plant typically grows to be 15 to 20 feet tall, with a spread of 15 to 25 feet. The branches are generally thorny, and the leaves are simple and alternate, with a toothed edge. The flowers are typically white and appear in the spring, and the fruits, known as haws, develop in the fall and can persist on the tree into the winter months.
Common Names
Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. is commonly known as Scarlet Haw, Red Haw, or Virginia Hawthorn.
Uses
The haws of Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. are edible and have been used in jams, jellies, and teas. The plant has also been used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular and digestive issues. In landscape design, the hawthorn is a popular choice due to its ornamental qualities, and it provides a valuable source of food and shelter for wildlife.
Light Requirements
Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. grows well under full sun or partial shade. The plant requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth, blooming, and fruiting. In extremely hot climates, partial shade is recommended to prevent leaf scorching and wilting.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is hardy and can survive temperatures as low as -50°F (-45°C) during winter if well-established. However, it requires a warmer temperature range of 60-75°F (15-23°C) during the growing season, and a frost-free period of at least 150 days. Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) may slow down growth or cause leaf decoloration.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. It can grow in sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but it thrives in deep, moist, and well-aerated soils. The addition of organic matter, such as compost or aged manure, improves soil fertility and structure, promoting root development and water retention. The plant is drought-resistant but requires regular watering during dry spells.
Cultivation
Crataegus coccinea L. p.p., also known as Scarlet hawthorn or Red hawthorn, is a deciduous small tree or a large shrub that can grow up to 20 feet tall and 20 feet wide. It is best planted in well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and should be protected from strong winds. It is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 7 and can tolerate cold temperatures and drought.
Watering Needs
While the Scarlet hawthorn is drought-tolerant, it still requires regular watering during the growing season. It is crucial to water the plant deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Water the plant once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions, and ensure the soil is moistened to a depth of at least 6 inches. During the winter months, reduce the water to prevent root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
The plant does not require frequent fertilization, but occasional feeding can promote healthy growth and blooming. Fertilize the Scarlet hawthorn once a year in the early spring with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer. Spread the fertilizer around the base of the plant, avoiding contact with the trunk, and water thoroughly.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep the Scarlet hawthorn healthy and attractive. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring before new growth starts. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches, and cut back any crossing branches to improve air circulation and light penetration. If necessary, shape the plant by trimming the outermost branches. Avoid severe pruning, as it can weaken the plant and reduce its blooming.
By following these simple cultivation and care tips, you can enjoy a thriving Scarlet hawthorn with beautiful blooms and healthy foliage for many years to come.
Propagation Methods for Crataegus coccinea L. p.p.
There are several ways to propagate Crataegus coccinea L. p.p., also known as Scarlet Hawthorn or Scarlet-fruited Thorn.
Seed Propagation
One propagation method for Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. is through seed propagation. Seeds can be collected from the plant in the fall and stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted. To improve germination rates, the seeds can be given a period of cold stratification before planting. This entails placing the seeds in a moist, sealed container and refrigerating them for several weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Another propagation method for Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. is through cuttings. Hardwood cuttings collected in the late fall, winter, or early spring can be used for propagation. These cuttings should be about 8-10 inches long and taken from the previous year's growth. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining medium. A humid environment can be created by covering the cuttings with a plastic bag to encourage root development.
Grafting
Grafting is a useful propagation method for Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. that involves attaching a scion of the desired plant to a rootstock. The scion to be grafted should be collected in the early spring when the plant is still dormant. The rootstock can be selected from a healthy plant and should have a similar stem width to the scion. A grafting tape should be used to bind the scion and rootstock together while the graft develops.
Propagation of Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. can be accomplished through these various methods. Understanding the different propagation techniques can help ensure the successful propagation of plants and the continued growth and sustainable use of this species.
Common Diseases:
Some of the common diseases that can affect Crataegus coccinea L. p.p., commonly known as the Scarlet Hawthorn, are:
- Rust: This fungal disease causes orange, powdery pustules on the underside of leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
- Fire Blight: This bacterial disease causes blackened twigs, cankers, and wilted leaves. It can be managed by pruning infected branches and destroying infected plants.
- Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes black spots on the leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes irregular brown patches on the leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
Pest Management:
Some of the common pests that can affect Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. are:
- Japanese Beetle: This beetle feeds on the leaves, causing skeletonization. It can be managed by handpicking or using insecticides or traps.
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl. They can be managed by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mites: These tiny pests cause yellow stippling on the leaves. They can be managed by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Scale Insects: These insects produce a sticky substance on the leaves and stems. They can be managed by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regular monitoring, proper sanitation practices, and appropriate use of chemical controls are all effective pest management strategies for Crataegus coccinea L. p.p. When using chemical controls, always follow label instructions carefully, and use only approved products for the pest and plant in question.
