Overview:
Crataegus basilica Beadle, commonly known as the basilica Hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. The plant is native to North America, specifically found in parts of the eastern United States, including Mississippi, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee.
Description:
The Crataegus basilica Beadle tree can grow up to 30 feet tall, with a rounded and densely branched crown, which tends to be wider than it is tall. The plant's bark is grayish-brown and has a smooth texture with horizontal lenticel bands. The leaves of the tree are alternate, simple, and oval-shaped, measuring up to 2 inches long and 1.5 inches wide. The foliage of the tree is a glossy dark green, with serrated edges and slightly hairy underneath. The flowers of the tree are white, small, and clustered, blooming in late spring to early summer.
Uses:
The Crataegus basilica Beadle tree has both ornamental and medicinal uses. Due to its attractive foliage and flowers, this tree is an excellent choice for parks, gardens, and landscaping purposes. The plant's fruits, or haws, are also edible, and commonly used to make jellies, jams, and tea. Additionally, the plant has a long history of medicinal use and can be used to treat various conditions, including heart disease, digestive issues, and anxiety.
In conclusion, Crataegus basilica Beadle, or the basilica hawthorn, is a beautiful tree species native to North America. With its rounded and densely branched crown, this tree can make an excellent addition to any garden or park. Moreover, the tree's haws and medicinal properties offer added benefits and uses for those who wish to explore its potentials further.Growth Conditions for Crataegus basilica Beadle
Crataegus basilica Beadle, commonly known as the basilica hawthorn, is a tree species native to North America. It typically grows in open woods, thickets, and along stream banks. Here are the typical growth conditions required for the plant:
Light Requirements
The basilica hawthorn prefers full sun to partial shade to grow optimally. The plant can tolerate shade but may not flower or fruit as prolifically as it would in full sun. Therefore, planting the tree in a location with full sun to partial shade should be ideal for optimal growth and yield.
Temperature Requirements
The basilica hawthorn is cold-hardy and can survive in cold temperatures. The tree prefers moderate temperatures, with an average annual temperature range of 5°C to 27°C. However, the tree can tolerate temperatures as low as -40°C in winter and as high as 38°C in summer.
Soil Requirements
The basilica hawthorn can grow in a wide range of soils but prefers well-drained soils that are deep, loamy, and contain a moderate amount of clay. The plant can also grow in heavy clay or sandy soils, but it requires adequate moisture. Therefore, planting the tree in soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5 will provide optimal growth conditions.
In summary, the basilica hawthorn grows optimally in full sun to partial shade, moderate temperatures within an average annual temperature range of 5°C to 27°C, and well-drained soils with a moderate amount of clay and a pH range of 6.0-7.5.
Cultivation of Crataegus basilica Beadle
Crataegus basilica Beadle, commonly referred to as the Basel hawthorn, prefers to be planted in well-drained soils and in a location that receives ample sunshine. The plant should be spaced out approximately 7-8 feet apart.
Watering Needs
The Basel hawthorn prefers moderate watering, but avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot. Watering can be reduced during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Fertilization
The Basel hawthorn benefits from regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. Use a slow-release fertilizer that is specifically designed for trees and shrubs.
Pruning
The best time to prune the Basel hawthorn is during the early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Pruning can also be done to shape the plant and encourage fuller growth.
Propagation of Crataegus basilica Beadle
Crataegus basilica Beadle can be propagated through several methods including:
Seed propagation
The plant produces seeds that can be collected from ripe fruits in autumn. The seeds must be cleaned and stored in a dry place until the spring season arrives, which is the best time to sow them. Before sowing, they need to undergo stratification in a cold environment for at least two to four months. After that, sow the seeds in a seedbed, and they will germinate after a few weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings propagation involves taking stem cuttings that are approximately 10 to 15 cm long, during the dormant season. Only healthy and mature stems should be used for cutting. Remove all the leaves and side branches, except for the top two leaves, which should be pruned by half. Dip the cutting's end in rooting hormone and plant it in a potting mix, making sure that the cutting's bottom leaves do not touch the soil. Cover the planted cuttings with a plastic bag or a cloche to maintain high humidity levels. Place the pot in a bright, but sheltered environment, and after a few months, the cuttings will develop roots.
Grafting propagation
Grafting is the process of combining two different parts of two different plants to create a single plant. The process involves taking a rootstock, which is a grown plant, and grafting a scion, which is a bud or shoot from another plant, which in this case is Crataegus basilica Beadle. The scion must have at least two buds. The two parts need to be cut at a 45-degree angle and joined together with grafting tape or a clip. After grafting, the tree needs to be kept in a warm and humid environment until the graft union has healed.
Disease and Pest Management for Crataegus basilica Beadle
Crataegus basilica Beadle, also known as the Turkey Mountain Hawthorn, is a small tree or shrub that belongs to the rose family. It is commonly found in eastern North America and is known for its attractive white flowers and red berries. However, like any other plant, the Turkey Mountain Hawthorn is susceptible to diseases and pests that can compromise its health and reduce its productivity. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Leaf spot: this disease is characterized by brownish or black spots on the leaves that may eventually lead to their premature defoliation. It thrives in warm and humid weather conditions and can be caused by various fungal pathogens. To manage leaf spot, avoid overcrowding the plants, improve the air circulation, and remove the infected leaves as soon as possible. Fungicides can also help to prevent or control the disease.
2. Fire blight: this bacterial disease affects various members of the rose family, including the Turkey Mountain Hawthorn. It causes the branches to wilt suddenly and turn black or brown. The leaves may also have a scorched appearance, and the infected parts of the plant may exude a sticky fluid. To manage fire blight, prune the infected branches at least one foot below the visible symptoms, sterilize the pruning tools after each cut, and dispose of the infected branches in a sealed bag. Copper-based fungicides can also help to prevent or control the disease.
Pests
1. Aphids: these soft-bodied insects are common pests of hawthorns and can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and distorted shoots. They feed on the sap of the plant and excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can attract ants and promote the growth of sooty mold. To manage aphids, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, lacewings, or parasitic wasps, or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
2. Spider mites: these tiny arachnids can cause yellowing and browning of leaves, webbing between the branches, and general weakening of the plant. They thrive in dry and dusty environments and can rapidly reproduce in warm weather conditions. To manage spider mites, improve the humidity around the plant, remove any dust or debris that might harbor the pests, and use miticidal sprays or oils.
In general, it is essential to maintain good sanitation practices, monitor the plants regularly, and promptly address any signs of diseases or pests to prevent them from spreading to other plants or causing significant damage. Consult with a horticulturist or a licensed pest management professional if you are unsure about a specific issue or need assistance in managing it.
