Overview
Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens is a perennial succulent native to South Africa. Also known as the silver dollar plant or the Chinese Jade Plant, it belongs to the Crassulaceae family that includes many other popular plants such as sedums, echeverias, and sempervivums.
Appearance
The plant has a shrubby habit that can grow up to 1 meter tall, with a woody stem and fleshy gray-green leaves. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, ovate in shape, and about 4 centimeters long. In summer, it produces clusters of small, star-shaped flowers that are white or pink in color and appear at the end of stems.
Cultivation
Crassula arborescens is an easy-to-grow plant that prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and can be grown in containers or planted directly in the ground. The plant is hardy to USDA zones 9-11, making it suitable for outdoor cultivation in warm climates. It can also be grown as an indoor plant in bright locations.
Uses
Crassula arborescens is often grown for its ornamental value in gardens, rockeries, and containers. The plant's striking leaves and small flowers make it an attractive addition to any space. It is commonly used in xeriscaping, where low water use is a priority. Additionally, the plant has traditionally been used in South African folk medicine to treat various ailments, including skin conditions, respiratory problems, and stomach ailments.
Care
To care for Crassula arborescens, it is important to provide it with well-drained soil and to water it sparingly during the growing season. Overwatering can cause the roots to rot, so it is recommended to wait until the top inch of soil is dry before watering again. The plant does not require fertilizer, but it can benefit from occasional feeding during the growing season. The plant can be pruned to control its shape, and any dead or yellowing leaves can be removed as needed.
Light Requirements:
The Crassula arborescens plant requires bright, indirect light and can also tolerate partial shade. Direct sun can scorch the leaves and cause damage to the plant. It is recommended to place the plant near a south or west-facing window that gets indirect sunlight.
Temperature Requirements:
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Crassula arborescens is between 60-75 °F. The plant can survive in temperatures as low as 50 °F, but prolonged exposure to low temperatures can damage the leaves. On the other hand, extremely high temperatures can cause the plant to dry out and wither.
Soil Requirements:
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. A mixture of perlite, sand, and potting soil can work well. The soil should not retain water for long periods as it can lead to root rot. It is recommended to repot the plant once every two years using fresh soil.
Cultivation Methods:
Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens is a frost-tender, succulent shrub that requires well-draining soil, plenty of sunlight and warmth to thrive. It grows well in tropical and subtropical regions, in sandy or rocky soil with minimal irrigation. The plant is adaptable to container gardening and can be grown indoors, but it requires a well-lit spot.
Watering Needs:
Since Crassula arborescens is a succulent, it's essential to let the soil dry out between watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it's crucial to be cautious in watering this plant. During the growing season, it's recommended to water the plant once every two weeks, but increase the frequency in hot and dry regions.
Fertilization:
Crassula arborescens does not require frequent fertilization. During the growing season, a balanced fertilizer can be applied at half the recommended strength once a month. It's essential to avoid fertilizing during the dormant phase.
Pruning:
Pruning Crassula arborescens is not required, but it can enhance the plant's shape and encourage bushy growth. It's recommended to prune only during the growing season, and never during dormancy. Use sharp, sterilized tools when pruning, and remove any dead or diseased parts of the plant.
Propagation Methods of Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens
There are mainly two methods of propagating Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens - vegetative propagation and seed propagation.
Vegetative Propagation of Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens
One of the easiest and most common ways of propagating this plant is through stem cuttings. Take a stem cutting of about 4-6 inches in length from a healthy parent plant. Allow the cutting to dry and callus over for a day or two. Then, dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder and plant it in well-draining soil. Water the plant regularly and keep it in a bright, but indirect light. The cutting should root and start to produce new growth within a few weeks.
Another way of vegetative propagation is through leaf cuttings. Take a healthy leaf from the parent plant and allow it to dry for a day. Then, plant the leaf into well-draining soil and keep it in bright, but indirect light. Water the plant when the soil is completely dry. The leaf should start to produce new growth within a few weeks.
Seed Propagation of Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens
Propagation through seeds is a bit more complicated. Collect the seeds from a mature plant and sow them in well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist and the seeds should be kept in a warm, bright area. Germination should occur within 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown and produced their second set of leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or outdoor locations.
Disease Management
Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens is a relatively low-maintenance plant that is not very susceptible to diseases. However, the following diseases may occasionally affect this plant:
- Root Rot: This is a common problem that affects succulents and can be caused by overwatering or poor drainage. To manage root rot, remove any affected parts of the plant and let the soil dry out completely before watering again.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white or gray powdery coating on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove any affected leaves, improve air circulation, and avoid overcrowding. Fungicides may also be used as a last resort.
Pest Management
Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens may also be affected by some pests. The following pests are common and can be managed as follows:
- Mealybugs: These small, white insects can be found on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage mealybugs, remove them manually with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. You can also use neem oil or insecticidal soap to control their infestation.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests can cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with a strong stream of water to remove them. You can also use neem oil or insecticidal soap to manage their infestation.
Regular inspections and proper care can help prevent infestation and problems before they become serious. Always follow the instructions on any chemicals or pesticides used and take the necessary precautions when handling them.
