Overview
Cotula microglossa (DC.) O.Hoffm. & Kuntze ex Kuntze is a herbaceous, flowering plant that is native to Southern Africa and Madagascar. It belongs to the family Asteraceae and is a popular ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and yellow flowers.
Common names
There are various names given to Cotula microglossa by different communities. In South Africa, it is referred to as "Wild Camomile" or "Dune Camomile" due to its resemblance to the well-known camomile plant in the Asteraceae family. The plant is also called "Chinchweed" in English and is known as "Camomille du Cap" in French-speaking regions.
Appearance
The plant has an upright growth habit and typically grows to a height of 20-30 cm. Cotula microglossa has silver-green leaves that are pinnately lobed, reaching a length of 10-20 mm. Its inflorescences form a solitary and terminal flower head that comprises yellow disc florets and white ray florets. The plant blooms from late spring through early summer.
Uses
Cotula microglossa possesses certain medicinal properties and has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as colds, malaria, and respiratory disorders. The plant is said to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. In addition to its medicinal uses, Cotula microglossa is also cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and bright yellow flowers. It is commonly grown in rock gardens, borders, and containers.
Light Conditions
Cotula microglossa is a sun-loving plant that requires full to partial sunlight to grow and develop well. In areas with insufficient light, the plant may grow weak and may not flower or produce seed successfully.
Temperature Conditions
The plant is native to South Africa, where it thrives in warm climatic conditions. For optimal growth, the plant requires high daytime temperatures ranging between 20°C to 30°C. Nighttime temperatures should not dip below 15°C as this may hinder growth and development of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Cotula microglossa requires well-drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. Soil should be moderately fertile, rich in organic matter, and while the plant can tolerate periodic drought, the soil should remain moist to promote healthy growth. Excess water or poorly drained soil can cause the plant's roots to rot, leading to stunted growth or death.
Cultivation Methods for Cotula microglossa
Cotula microglossa, also known as Brass Buttons or Tiny Buttons, is a low-growing perennial plant that is often used as a ground cover. It is native to South Africa but can be grown in various regions. It requires well-draining soil, full sun to partial shade, and moderate watering.
When planting, ensure to choose a site with well-draining soil to avoid waterlogging that can lead to root rot. Prepare the soil by removing any weeds and adding organic matter such as compost to improve soil texture and nutrients. Plant the seedlings in the soil at a depth of 0.5 inches with a spacing of 6-12 inches apart.
Watering Needs for Cotula microglossa
Cotula microglossa thrives in moderate moisture conditions. It requires regular watering but not excessive to avoid root rot. During the hot season, it needs more frequent watering, whereas in winter, reduce watering frequency. The soil should be kept moist but not soggy. You can check by inserting a finger into the soil to see if it feels dry.
Fertilization of Cotula microglossa
Cotula microglossa requires moderate fertilization to maintain healthy growth. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer such as 10-10-10, applied in the early spring season. Avoid over-fertilization as it can lead to excessive growth and reduction of blooming.
Pruning Cotula microglossa
Cotula microglossa requires pruning to maintain its attractive shape and prevent it from becoming invasive. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Trim off any dead or damaged parts, and cut back any overgrown stems to promote new growth. You can also prune after the blooming period to encourage more blossoms.
Propagation of Cotula microglossa
Cotula microglossa is a herbaceous perennial that is native to South Africa and belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is commonly known as the Cape buttons or Cape weed and is grown for its attractive small daisy-like yellow flowers and feathery foliage.
Propagation Methods
Cotula microglossa can be propagated from both seeds and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
The best time to collect the seeds of Cotula microglossa is during the summer months when the flowers have matured and died. The seeds can be sown immediately in the soil or stored for later use. The soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter, and the seeds should be covered lightly with soil. Keep the soil moist and in a warm environment. The seeds should germinate within two to three weeks.
Propagation through Cuttings
Cuttings of Cotula microglossa can be taken during the spring or summer months. The cuttings should be about 8-10 cm long and taken from the new growth of the plant. Remove the lower leaves of the cutting and dip the end in rooting hormone. Insert the cutting into a well-draining potting mix and keep it moist. Provide the cutting with bright indirect light and warm temperatures. The roots should develop within 3-4 weeks, and the plant can be moved to a larger pot or planted in the ground.
Disease Management
Cotula microglossa can be affected by several diseases that can impact its growth and overall health. Below are some of the common diseases that might affect this plant and some tips on how to manage them:
Root rot
This disease is caused by a fungus that attacks the roots of the plant. Symptoms include wilting, yellowing of the leaves, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, ensure proper drainage, avoid overwatering the plant, and treat with a fungicide if necessary.
Leaf spot
Leaf spot is caused by a fungus that forms circular or irregular-shaped spots on the leaves. These spots can have a yellow or brownish margin. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves, ensure proper ventilation, and treat the plant with a fungicide if necessary.
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is characterized by a white or grayish powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers. The fungus thrives in humid environments with poor air circulation. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected parts of the plant, improve air circulation, and treat with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Cotula microglossa can also be affected by various pests that can lead to stunted growth and other problems. Below are some of the common pests that might affect this plant and some tips on how to manage them:
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck plant sap from the leaves, causing damage to the plant. Aphids can be controlled by using insecticidal soap, spraying the plant with a strong stream of water, and introducing natural predators such as ladybugs.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are the larval stage of butterflies and moths. They can strip leaves of their foliage, causing significant damage to the plant. To manage caterpillars, handpick them off the plant, use Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), or introduce natural predators such as birds.
Spider mites
Spider mites are tiny, eight-legged pests that primarily live under leaves where they suck sap from the plant. Infected leaves will appear stippled, yellow, or mottled. Spider mites can be controlled by using insecticidal soap, spraying the plant with a strong stream of water, and introducing natural predators such as mites.
