Origin and Common Names
Cotula globifera Thunb., also known as the spherical coin leaf or buttonweed, is a perennial plant species that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to South Africa and can be found growing in different provinces, including the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal.
The plant has several common names, including Cape buttons, buttonweed, South African pennywort, hakhak, koko, and knoppiesbossie.
General Appearance
Cotula globifera Thunb. is a low-growing, spreading plant that has a height of between 5 and 20 cm. It has a round-shaped forming mat-like foliage and forms a dense ground cover. The leaves are small, round, and shiny, resembling small coins, which is why it is referred to as a spherical coin leaf. The leaves are dark green and have a smooth texture. The plant produces bright yellow, button-like flowers with a diameter of between 1 and 2 cm.
Uses
Cotula globifera Thunb. is considered a medicinal plant and has several uses, including treating stomach ailments, headaches, and fevers. A decoction of the plant's aerial parts is used as an antiseptic to clean wounds and ulcers.
The plant is also used as ground cover, and its attractive foliage and yellow flowers make it a popular choice for rock gardens, borders, and edging paths.
Cotula globifera Thunb. is drought-resistant and can survive in a wide range of soil types, including sandy and clay soils. It requires full sun exposure and regular watering during the summer months to maintain its color and vigor.
Light Conditions
Cotula globifera Thunb. requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but the plant requires direct sunlight for at least six hours per day. A lack of sufficient sunlight can lead to poor growth, reduced flowering, and susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Temperature Requirements
Typically, Cotula globifera Thunb. thrives in moderate temperatures ranging between 15°C to 25°C. The plant can tolerate temperature fluctuations and light frost. However, prolonged exposure to extremely high or low temperatures can lead to stunted growth or death of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Cotula globifera Thunb. thrive best in moist, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level of 6.0 to 7.0. The plant prefers soil that is rich in organic matter and has good drainage. It does not tolerate salty or waterlogged soils. It is advisable to amend heavy clay soils with organic matter to improve drainage and soil nutrients.
Cultivation methods
Cotula Globifera Thunb., also known as "Buttonweed," is a low-growing plant species that can thrive in different climates and soils. It is best grown in areas with a lot of sunlight, although it can withstand partial shade. It is adaptable to different soil types, but it has a preference for well-drained soil.
When planting Cotula Globifera Thunb., make sure that there is enough space for each plant to grow. Space the plants about 15-20 centimeters apart to give them room for expansion.
Watering needs
Cotula Globifera Thunb. does not require heavy watering, but it needs a consistent supply of moisture. It is best to water the plant every week or when the soil is dry to touch. Overwatering the plant may lead to root rot, so be careful not to overdo it.
Mulching around the plant can help retain soil moisture, protect the plant from heat, and prevent weeds from growing around it.
Fertilization
Cotula Globifera Thunb. does not require regular fertilization, but occasional fertilization can promote healthy growth and blooming. Fertilize the plant with a standard liquid fertilizer every three to four months.
Additionally, consider adding compost or organic matter to the soil to provide extra nutrients to the plant.
Pruning
Cotula Globifera Thunb. does not require frequent pruning. However, removing dead or wilted leaves or branches can keep the plant healthy and promote new growth. Prune after blooming to remove dead flowers and encourage a second bloom.
Be careful not to prune the plant too much, as it may reduce blooming and overall growth.
Propagation of Cotula globifera Thunb.
Cotula globifera Thunb., commonly known as buttonweed or gum-weed, is a low-growing perennial plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. The plant is native to South Africa and is grown for its attractive, button-like flowers and as a groundcover. Propagation of this plant is relatively easy and can be done by different methods including:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is cheap and easy for Cotula globifera Thunb. The seeds can be collected from matured flowers in autumn. The collected seeds should be air-dried and stored in a cool, dry place until the next planting season. The best time for sowing is in early spring, and the seeds can be sown directly on the ground or in pots.
Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation of Cotula globifera Thunb. is also possible. Softwood cuttings can be taken from the plant during the growing season. The cuttings should be approximately 4-6 inches long and should be taken from healthy plants. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a pot filled with a well-draining soil mix. The pot should be covered with plastic to maintain humidity and placed in a bright, but not direct, light. Rooting should take place within a few weeks
Division propagation
Division propagation is best done in autumn when the plant is dormant. The root ball should be carefully dug up and divided into several sections. Each section should have a healthy shoot and a part of the root system. The divided sections can be then replanted into individual pots or directly to the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Cotula Globifera Thunb.
Cotula globifera Thunb., commonly known as the brass buttons, is a hardy plant that can adapt to varying conditions. However, just like any other plant, it is susceptible to pests and diseases that can affect its growth and overall health. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them.
Diseases
Root Rot: This disease is caused by waterlogged soil and is characterized by the wilting of the plant's leaves. To prevent this disease, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil is well-draining. If the plant has already been affected, remove it from the soil and replant in a fresh potting mix.
Bacterial Leaf Spot: This disease is characterized by the appearance of small, water-soaked spots on the leaves, which later turn to brown or black. To prevent this disease, avoid splashing water on the leaves, remove infected leaves, and ensure proper ventilation. Copper fungicides can also help manage the disease.
Powdery Mildew: This disease is characterized by the appearance of white powdery patches on the leaves, which later turn to yellow or brown. To prevent this disease, ensure proper ventilation, avoid overwatering, and apply sulfur-based fungicides.
Pests
Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and can be identified by the fine webbing on the leaves of the plant. To manage them, spray the leaves with water frequently to wash them off.
Mealybugs: These pests are identified by their white, cotton-like appearance on the leaves of the plant. To manage them, wipe the leaves with a cotton ball soaked in rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap.
Aphids: These pests are green and can be identified by their presence in large numbers on the leaves of the plant. To manage them, wash the leaves of the plant with soapy water or spray insecticidal soap.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests in Cotula globifera Thunb. involves practices that ensure proper plant care and timely identification of the pests and diseases. Early intervention is crucial in preventing severe damage to the plant, which can lead to its death.
