Overview
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa, also known as Mound Cory Cactus, is a small, cylindrical cactus native to parts of the United States. It is a highly resilient and low-maintenance plant that makes for a great addition to any indoor or outdoor succulent collection.
Origin and Distribution
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa is native to the central United States, specifically the states of Oklahoma, Texas, and Colorado. It can be found growing in rocky soils, dry hillsides, and prairies, often in close proximity to other succulents and grasses.
Common Names
Mound Cory Cactus, Missouri Foxtail Cactus, Pincushion Cactus
Appearance
The Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa typically grows up to 7.5 cm (3 inches) tall and about the same in width. Its stems are cylindrical or slightly flattened and covered in elongated tubercles that have sharp spines. The cactus produces small flowers that are usually pink or white in color and bloom in spring or summer.
Uses
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa is often grown as an ornamental plant due to its low maintenance requirements and small size. It is ideal for rock gardens, containers, and xeriscapes. Some Native American tribes have also used the plant for its medicinal properties, such as a treatment for skin problems and as a pain reliever.
Light Requirements
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa prefers to grow under full sun exposure. This species can tolerate partial shade, but it might result in smaller flowers or reduced growth rate. Therefore, plants should be placed in areas with direct sunlight all day long for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to cold areas, and it can withstand low temperatures with ease. It is adapted to grow in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. However, temperatures above 85°F (29°C) can cause heat stress, which might lead to wilted or discolored leaves. Therefore, it is essential to protect the plant from excessive heat and provide sufficient ventilation during hot summer days.
Soil Requirements
The Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa can grow in a wide range of soil compositions, but the most favorable soil is sandy loam, which is well-draining and rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH range of 6-7, which is mildly acidic. The plant can also grow in nutrition-poor sandy soils, but it might require fertilization to thrive. Overwatered soils and clay soils can cause root rot and other diseases; therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the soil is properly aerated and well-drained.
Cultivation
The Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson is a cactus plant species that require good drainage, bright light, and dry air. It can be grown both indoor and outdoor, depending on the climate of the region.
When planting this species, it is important to select a pot with well-draining soil mix, preferably a mix of sand, gravel, or perlite. This will help prevent the roots from rotting due to excessive moisture. The size of the pot should be appropriate for the size of the plant, leaving room for growth.
Watering Needs
The Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson requires infrequent watering. It is suitable for prolonged periods of drought and prefers dry soil between watering. The best time to water the plant is during the growing season, which is spring and summer. During winter, it is recommended to reduce watering to a sprinkle every few weeks or so.
When watering the plant, it is important to avoid wetting the foliage and stem. Instead, water near the roots and allow the water to drain completely to prevent moisture buildup, which can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson requires minimal fertilization. It is recommended to fertilize the plant during the growing season once every six weeks. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This will help the plant grow healthy and strong.
Pruning
Pruning the Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson is not necessary unless it has grown out of bounds or has become unruly. When pruning, make sure to use a sharp and clean pair of scissors or pruning shears. Cut off the top or sides as needed, leaving a small gap to avoid damaging the plant's core. It is essential to wear gloves when pruning, as the spines on the plant can be puncturing and painful.
Propagation of Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa, commonly known as the “Clustered Pincushion Cactus,” is a slow-growing, clumping cactus native to the southwestern United States. It can be propagated through different methods, including seeds and offsets.
Propagation by Seeds
The propagation of Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa by seeds is the most common method. The seeds should be collected when the fruits are dry and fully ripe and should be sown as soon as possible. The seeds need light to germinate, so they should be sown on the surface of a well-draining soil mix composed of sand, perlite, and peat moss.
After sowing the seeds, cover the pot with plastic wrap or a glass lid to maintain the humidity levels. It is essential to keep the soil moist but not too wet, as excess moisture can lead to fungal and bacterial diseases. The germination process is slow and can take up to several months, depending on the temperature conditions.
Propagation by Offsets
Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa can also be propagated by offsets. The offsets are small cacti that grow from the base of the parent plant and can be separated and replanted to form new plants.
To propagate using offsets, carefully remove the offsets from the parent plant using a sharp knife. Allow the offsets to dry for a few days before planting them in a well-draining soil mixture. Plant the offset in a pot while ensuring that the plant's base is in contact with the soil surface.
Water the plant thoroughly, and then let the soil dry out before watering again. Do not water excessively, as this can lead to root rot. With time, the offsets will develop their root system and grow into mature plants.
Disease Management
The Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson is relatively resistant to most diseases. However, it is still susceptible to certain diseases, such as:
- Cactus Anthracnose: This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes and can cause sunken lesions. Management of this disease can involve removal of severely infected plants and application of fungicides.
- Soft Rot: This disease is caused by bacteria in the genus Erwinia and can cause water-soaked spots that turn brown and mushy. To manage this disease, remove and dispose of infected plants and avoid overwatering.
- Cactus Mosaic Virus: This virus can cause mosaics or spots on the cactus, and there is no cure. To manage this disease, remove and dispose of infected plants and avoid mechanical transmission by sterilizing tools between plants.
Pest Management
The Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L. Benson is also relatively resistant to most pests. However, it can still be affected by the following pests:
- Cactus Weevil: This pest can cause damage to the plant by feeding on the cactus. To manage this pest, control weeds in and around the garden, remove any damaged or dead plants, and use insecticides if necessary.
- Scale Insects: These pests can cause yellowing and death of the plant by sucking sap from the plant. To manage this pest, prune and dispose of a heavily infested plant, use a soft-bristled brush to remove the scales, and use insecticides if necessary.
- Spider Mites: These pests can cause discoloration and death of the plant by sucking the sap from the leaves. To manage this pest, keep the area free of dust and debris, increase humidity, and use insecticides if necessary.
