Overview of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. is a flowering plant species that belongs to the family Cornaceae. Its common names include Himalayan strawberry tree, evergreen dogwood, bentham's cornel, and Himalayan flowering dogwood. This plant is native to the temperate and subtropical regions of the eastern Himalayas, including Nepal, Bhutan, China, and India. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in various parts of the world.
Appearance of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
The Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. plant is an evergreen tree that can reach up to 10 meters in height. It has a rounded to conical shape and a dense canopy that provides shade. The leaves are glossy and dark green, with a leathery texture and an oval to elliptical shape. The plant blooms in the summer, producing clusters of small yellowish-green flowers that are surrounded by showy white or pink bracts. The fruit is a 2-3 cm diameter red, fleshy, edible fruit resembling a strawberry, hence the common name of Himalayan strawberry tree.
Uses of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
The Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. plant has some medicinal properties and has been traditionally used in various cultures for treating fever, rheumatism, and other ailments. The fruit is consumed as a food and is a popular ingredient in jams, jellies, and beverages. The plant is also valued for its ornamental qualities and is commonly used in landscaping and as a specimen tree. It is suitable for use as an accent tree, in mixed borders, or as a focal point in the garden.
The Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. plant is tolerant of a wide range of soils, but it prefers well-drained, fertile soil that is slightly acidic. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and is drought tolerant once established. It is a relatively low-maintenance plant that requires minimal pruning to maintain its attractive shape and to remove any dead or damaged branches.
Growth Conditions for Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. commonly known as Himalayan flowering dogwood is a medium to large-sized evergreen shrub or small tree native to the Himalayas and southern China. It typically grows up to 6-12 meters in height.
Light Requirements
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. prefers bright, indirect light or partial shade. This plant can tolerate full sun but needs protection during the hottest part of the day. Inadequate light may cause the plant to become leggy and reduce flower production.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can withstand a wide range of temperatures but thrives well in moderate temperatures. The ideal temperature range for Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. is between 17-22°C. They can tolerate cold temperatures of up to -15°C, provided they receive adequate protection from frost.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining, moist soils, rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH range lies between 5.5-7.5. Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil conditions. However, poor soil drainage can lead to root rot and inhibit the growth of the plant.
In conclusion, growing Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. requires attention to detail, particularly regarding the plant's light, temperature, and soil requirements. Adequate care of the growth conditions can promote the growth and development of the plant, leading to healthy and beautiful foliage and flowers.
Cultivation
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. is native to the Himalayas and found naturally in regions of Nepal, Bhutan, and China. To grow and cultivate this plant in other regions, it requires a temperate climate with a well-draining soil and partial shade.
The plant grows up to six meters tall and three meters wide. Propagation is by seed or from cuttings. The seedlings require fine soil and adequate moisture to establish themselves.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering throughout its growth cycle, but overwatering can lead to root rot. During dry spells, the plant may require additional watering, especially for newly established plants. The rule of thumb is to water when the top layer of soil is dry.
Fertilization
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. requires regular fertilization to boost growth and flowering. A balanced fertilizer should be applied every two weeks during the growing season. After flowering, a fertilizer rich in phosphorus should be used to ensure the plant sets fruit.
Pruning
Pruning of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. should be done in late winter or early spring to remove any damaged, diseased, or crossing branches. To improve the plant's shape and maintain its size, lightly cut back the tips of the stems. Overly aggressive pruning should be avoided as it can affect the plant's growth and flowering.
Propagation of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb., also known as evergreen dogwood or Himalayan strawberry tree, can be propagated by various methods including seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Cornus capitata can be collected from the ripe fruit and sown immediately after harvesting. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24-48 hours prior to sowing to help soften the hard seed coat. The seeds can be sown in a well-draining potting mix and kept consistently moist. Germination may take between 3-6 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown sufficiently, they can be transplanted into individual pots and grown until they are large enough to be planted in their final location.
Cutting Propagation
Cornus capitata can also be propagated through stem cuttings, taken from current season's growth. The cuttings should be around 6 inches in length and should be stripped of any leaves on the lower half of the stem. The cuttings can be dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining potting mix. They should be kept consistently moist and in a warm, semi-shaded area to encourage root development. Once roots have developed, the cuttings can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into their final location.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another method of propagating Cornus capitata. A low-growing branch can be chosen and the bark removed from a portion of the lower stem. The branch can then be pinned to the ground and covered with soil, leaving the top of the branch exposed. The covered portion of the stem should develop roots over time. Once the new roots are established, the rooted branch can be cut away from the parent plant and planted in its final location.
Disease and Pest Management for Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.
Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb., commonly known as Himalayan Strawberry Tree, is a popular ornamental plant known for its attractive flowers and fruit. The plant is generally resistant to most pests and diseases, but it can still be affected by some common issues. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that might affect Cornus capitata and ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
Root rot: This disease is caused by soil-borne pathogens such as Phytophthora and Pythium that attack the plant's roots, leading to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and wilting. To manage this disease, ensure proper drainage of the soil and avoid overwatering. Treat the plant with fungicides that contain metalaxyl or mefenoxam.
Leaf spot: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens such as Mycosphaerella and Phyllosticta that lead to the formation of brown spots on leaves, followed by leaf drop. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and dispose of them appropriately. Treat the plant with fungicides that contain chlorothalonil or copper fungicides.
Powdery mildew: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens such as Erysiphe cichoracearum that lead to the formation of white powdery growth on leaves and shoots. To manage this disease, ensure proper air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. Treat the plant with fungicides that contain myclobutanil or propiconazole.
Common Pests
Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that cluster on the plant's leaves and stems, sucking sap and causing deformation and yellowing of leaves. To manage these pests, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil, or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
Scale insects: These are small, circular insects that attach themselves to the plant's leaves and stems, sucking sap and causing yellowing and curling of leaves. To manage these pests, remove them manually using a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol, or spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Spider mites: These are tiny, spider-like pests that suck sap from the plant's leaves and cause yellowing and brown spots. To manage these pests, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them or spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Introducing predatory insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can also help control spider mites.
By following these disease and pest management strategies, you can keep Cornus capitata healthy and thriving, ensuring a beautiful addition to your garden for years to come.
