Description of Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum
Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum, also known as Bridson's Sausage tree, is a small tropical tree belonging to the family Annonaceae. It is native to West Africa, particularly in tropical regions of Nigeria and Cameroon. This plant has been introduced to other parts of the world, especially in Asia, where it is cultivated for various purposes.
General Appearance
The tree can grow up to 10 meters tall, and it has a rounded canopy with drooping branches. The leaves are dark green and glossy, and they are oblong or elliptical, measuring up to 17 cm in length and 8 cm in width. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and they have a strong, unpleasant odor. The fruit is the most distinctive feature of this tree. It is sausage-shaped, and it can grow up to 80 cm long and 10 cm in diameter, weighing up to 15 kg. The fruit has a green, scaly exterior and a pulpy interior with numerous seeds embedded in it.
Common Names
Besides Bridson's Sausage tree, Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum is known by various other names, including Bonga tree, African sausage tree, and Udara. The fruit is also commonly referred to as African cucumber.
Uses
The fruit and bark of this tree have a wide range of uses. The fruit is edible and used for making jams, jellies, and sauces. In addition, the pulp is fermented to produce a popular alcoholic beverage in Nigeria known as ogogoro. The bark and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as diarrhea, fever, and toothache. The wood is also used in carpentry, and the bark is a source of fiber for making ropes and baskets.
In conclusion, Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum is a versatile tree that is highly valued for its fruit, medicinal properties, and other uses. Despite its foul-smelling flowers, the tree is a valuable component of the tropical ecosystem and a significant source of livelihood for many communities in West Africa and beyond.
hereLight Requirements
The Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef plant prefers bright, indirect light. It can also tolerate some direct sunlight, but not for extended periods of time. This plant can do well in a north or east-facing window and should be shielded from the hot afternoon sun.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius (64-75°F), although it can survive in temperatures outside this range. Temperatures below 10°C or above 30°C should be avoided, and sudden temperature drops can cause leaf drop and other damage. This plant is not tolerant of frost or extreme heat.
Soil Requirements
The Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef plant prefers a well-draining, slightly acidic soil with a pH range between 5.5 and 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good aeration. It's important to note that this plant does not like to be overwatered, and the roots can be susceptible to rot if the soil is too wet. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering and do not let the plant sit in water or overly damp soil.
Cultivation
Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef, commonly known as the Strong-scented Coptosperma, is a tropical sub-shrub that requires a warm and humid environment to thrive. It is best cultivated in well-draining soils that have good water retention capacity. The plant prefers partial sunlight and filtered shade, and it can grow up to 1.5 meters in height.
Watering Needs
For optimal growth, the Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum requires moderate to frequent watering depending on the prevailing weather conditions. It is essential to ensure that the soil is kept moist, but not water-logged, as this may lead to root rot. The plant should be watered thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry slightly before the next watering session.
Fertilization
The Strong-scented Coptosperma requires regular fertilization to ensure that it maintains its lush foliage and produces stunning blooms. Apply a balanced NPK fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season to provide essential nutrients. Additionally, top-dress the soil with compost or another organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility.
Pruning
Regular pruning of the Coptosperma graveolens var. impolitum is necessary to maintain its compact shape and encourage more blooms. Prune the plant after the blooming period to remove any dead or diseased branches. Additionally, you can trim the plant to your desired size and shape, taking care not to remove more than one-third of the plant in a single pruning session.
Propagation of Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef
Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef can be propagated through several methods, including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and layering.
Seed propagation
Seeds of Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef can be obtained from mature fruits. The seeds need to be cleaned and stored for a short period before sowing. Sowing can be done in containers filled with a well-draining potting mix, and the containers should be placed in a warm and sunny spot. Seedlings should emerge within a few weeks.
Stem cuttings
Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef stem cuttings can be taken from mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be around 6 inches long and must not have flowers or buds. The cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone powder before being inserted into a well-draining potting mix. The container should be placed in a cool, shaded spot, and the potting mix should be kept moist. Within a few weeks, the cuttings should develop roots, and they can be transferred to individual containers.
Layering
Layering is a method of propagation that involves creating a new plant from a stem that is still attached to the mother plant. To propagate Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef var. impolitum (Bridson) Degreef through layering, a low branch of the mother plant should be bent until it touches the ground. The area of the stem where the stem touches the ground should be slightly wounded and covered with soil. The branch should be secured on the ground using a wire. New roots and shoots should emerge within a few months, and the new plant can be separated from the mother plant and transplanted into an individual container.
Disease Management
Coptosperma graveolens is generally a low-maintenance plant and not susceptible to many diseases. However, it may still get affected by some fungal and bacterial diseases. These diseases are characterized by leaf spots, wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth.
To prevent diseases, it's essential to maintain proper hygiene in the garden. Always remove plant debris, fallen leaves, and dead flowers from the ground, where they may harbor fungal spores. Avoid watering the plant from the top to prevent excess humidity, and promote good air circulation by spacing out plants and pruning regularly.
In case the plant still gets infected with diseases, remove the infected parts immediately and dispose of them since some diseases may spread through contact with other plants. Use fungicides or bactericides only as a last resort or if advised by a professional.
Pest Management
Coptosperma graveolens is relatively pest-resistant, but it may still attract some insects. The most common pests that may affect this plant include spider mites, scale insects, aphids, and mealybugs. These pests suck the sap from the plant, which results in yellow spots, wilting, and stunted growth.
To prevent pest infestations, regularly prune and remove any dead stems or leaves that might be attractive to the pests. Keeping the plant healthy by providing enough light, water, and nutrients, will also prevent pest infestations.
In case of mild infestations, use a strong stream of water to wash off the insects from the leaves. If the infestation persists, use insecticidal soaps or light oils to control the insects. Only use insecticides as a last resort as they could harm beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies. It's crucial to read and follow the instructions and safety precautions listed on the product label.
By practicing good garden hygiene and regularly monitoring the plant, you can prevent and manage both pests and diseases in Coptosperma graveolens successfully.
