General Appearance
Commiphora spathulata Mattick is a small succulent plant that belongs to the Burseraceae family. It has a small stem that grows up to 15 cm tall and 6 cm in diameter. The stem is covered in a thin, papery bark, and it branches out profusely, forming a dense cluster of stems. The leaves are small, green, and oval-shaped, measuring around 1.5 cm by 0.5 cm. The plant produces tiny, white flowers that bloom in clusters along the stem, followed by small, red berries.
Origin and Common Names
Commiphora spathulata Mattick is native to the Oromo Region in Ethiopia, where it grows in dry and rocky areas. It is commonly known as "Gabissa" in the Oromo language, which means "Myrtle." It is also known as "Shukelabe" in the Amharic language, which means "Sour Berry."
Uses
The bark and resin of Commiphora spathulata Mattick have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine in Ethiopia and other parts of Africa. The resin is said to have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat wounds, respiratory problems, and intestinal disorders. The plant's bark is used in the treatment of malaria, fever, and diarrhea. The plant is also used for soil conservation and land rehabilitation in arid and semi-arid areas due to its ability to grow in dry and rocky environments.
Light Requirements
Commiphora spathulata Mattick needs a considerable amount of sunlight to grow. It can tolerate partial shade but requires at least 5-6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Therefore, it is best to plant it in a location with full sun exposure.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can grow in a variety of temperature ranges. However, it prefers warm temperatures between 18°C to 33°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 8°C and as high as 40°C, but extended exposure to extreme temperatures can harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Commiphora spathulata Mattick is adaptable to different soil types, but it thrives in well-drained and sandy soils that are slightly alkaline. The soil pH should be between 7.0 to 7.5. In contrast, acidic soils may cause stunted growth and nutrient deficiencies.
Cultivation Methods for Commiphora spathulata Mattick
The plant species Commiphora spathulata Mattick is such a unique and beautiful species, and for this reason, it requires a specific method of cultivation to ensure its healthy growth. Before planting, it is essential to analyze the terrain, as the plant prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil or rocky soil types such as limestone. Proper drainage is necessary to avoid waterlogging, which could lead to root rot and eventually kill the plant.
The plant species is highly tolerant of warm weather, making it an essential plant for arid regions. This plant species is also drought tolerant and can survive long periods without water, making it an excellent choice for xeriscaping. Like all other succulents, Commiphora spathulata Mattick has low water requirements. For best results, water only when the topsoil is entirely dry.
Watering Needs for Commiphora spathulata Mattick
As stated earlier, Commiphora spathulata Mattick is a drought-resistant plant species that requires less water than other plant species. The plant thrives in arid conditions and can survive in dry places, making it an excellent option for xeriscaping. To prevent waterlogging and root rot, ensure that you use well-draining soil mix. For maximum growth, water once every two weeks in summer and twice a month in the cold seasons.
Fertilization for Commiphora spathulata Mattick
Like other succulent plant species, Commiphora spathulata Mattick doesn’t require much fertilizer, and if not careful, you could damage it by over-fertilizing. You can use a general-purpose slow-release fertilizer by applying it during the growing season. We recommend using a 20-20-20 fertilizer and following the package instructions for application.
Pruning for Commiphora spathulata Mattick
Commiphora spathulata Mattick is a low-maintenance plant species that only requires pruning to control its size and shape. Pruning this plant species is a straightforward process that only requires the use of clean, sharp garden scissors. Prune the branches in a rounded shape to encourage a bushy growth pattern.
Propagation of Commiphora spathulata Mattick
Propagation is an essential aspect of plant cultivation that allows gardeners to increase their plant stock. Commiphora spathulata Mattick can be propagated through several methods, as discussed below:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of raising Commiphora spathulata Mattick. This method involves sowing the seeds in a potting mix composed of sand, peat moss, and perlite, in a ratio of 1:1:1. The seeds should be kept slightly moist by misting them with water. Germination takes place in about two to six weeks. After germination, the seedlings are transplanted into individual containers. It's important to note that the seeds of Commiphora spathulata Mattick have a low viability rate, and it's recommended to sow them as soon as they are harvested.
Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are another propagation method that can be used to propagate Commiphora spathulata Mattick. This method involves taking stem cuttings from the parent plant and planting them in a potting mix composed of sand, perlite, and peat moss. The cuttings should be about four inches long, with a diameter of about ¼ inch. It's advisable to dip the cuttings in rooting hormone before planting them to promote the development of roots. The cuttings should be placed in a well-lit area and kept moist until they develop roots. Rooting may take between two to four weeks, and after rooting, the cuttings can be transplanted into individual containers.
Air layering
Air layering is a propagation technique that involves creating a cut on a stem, wrapping it in moist sphagnum moss, and enclosing it with plastic wrap. After a few weeks, roots will develop, and the stem can be cut off and potted in soil. This technique is not commonly used for Commiphora spathulata Mattick but can be useful for more mature plants.
Division
Division is a propagation technique that involves separating a clump of plants into smaller sections and replanting them in individual containers. This method can be useful for mature Commiphora spathulata Mattick plants, as it helps to maintain their vigour and promote better growth. The best time to divide the plant is during early spring when the plant is actively growing.
Disease and Pest Management for Commiphora spathulata Mattick
Commiphora spathulata Mattick is a small evergreen shrub native to Madagascar. The plant is grown for its resin, which is used in traditional medicine. However, the plant is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests that can affect its growth and survival. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect Commiphora spathulata Mattick and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Fungal Diseases: Commiphora spathulata Mattick is susceptible to fungal diseases such as root rot, stem canker, and leaf spots. These diseases can cause damage to the roots, stems, and leaves, and in severe cases, can even kill the plant. To manage fungal diseases in the plant, avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Prune affected parts of the plant and apply fungicides to prevent further spread of the disease.
Bacterial Diseases: Commiphora spathulata Mattick is also susceptible to bacterial diseases such as bacterial leaf spot and stem rot. These diseases can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves and stems. To manage bacterial diseases, remove the infected parts of the plant and avoid overwatering. Apply copper-based fungicides to help prevent further spread of the disease.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. They can cause curling and distortion of the leaves, stunting of the plant, and the transmission of viruses. To manage aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Alternatively, crush the aphids by hand or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the sap of the plant. They can cause yellowing of the leaves, webbing, and leaf drop. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increase humidity around the plant and remove any infested leaves or branches.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, immobile pests that suck sap from the plant. They can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves and produce a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage scale insects, apply horticultural oil to the plant and prune affected parts. Introduce natural predators such as lacewings or ladybugs to help control the infestation.
By being proactive in identifying and managing diseases and pests in Commiphora spathulata Mattick, you can help ensure its overall health and longevity.
