Origin
Commiphora mollis (Oliv.) Engl. is a plant species that belongs to the Burseraceae family. This plant is native to Africa, particularly in the countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Somalia.
Common Names
The plant is commonly called the soft-leaved myrrh or spider gum.
Appearance
This plant is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 6 meters tall. It has a smooth bark and produces green to yellow flowers. The leaves are soft and hairy, and they can grow up to 10 cm long.
Uses
The resin produced by the soft-leaved myrrh tree is used for medicinal purposes. It is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and has been used to treat rheumatism, headaches, and other conditions. The resin is also used as incense and in perfumes. The soft and hairy leaves of the tree have been used to make stuffing for pillows and cushions.
Light Requirements
Commiphora mollis requires full sunlight to grow. The plant needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. When grown indoors, it is essential to place the plant in a bright location such as near a window with strong light exposure.
Temperature Requirements
The plant requires warm temperature conditions to grow. The ideal temperature range for Commiphora mollis is between 18°C to 29°C (65°F to 85°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can hinder growth, cause leaf damage, or even lead to plant death.
Soil Requirements
Commiphora mollis prefers well-draining soil with a neutral or slightly acidic pH of around 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter to provide nutrients necessary for the plant's growth. Sandy loam or rocky soil types are ideal, as they are known for their excellent drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Commiphora mollis is best grown in well-draining, sandy soil mixed with organic matter. It requires full sun exposure and grows well in hot and dry environments. The plant can be propagated by seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before planting to enhance germination. Cuttings should be taken in the spring and treated with rooting hormone before planting.
Watering Needs
Commiphora mollis is drought-tolerant and can survive extended periods without water. However, regular watering is recommended, especially during the growing season. The plant should be watered deeply once or twice a week. The soil should be allowed to dry out between watering sessions to prevent waterlogging and root rot.
Fertilization
Commiphora mollis does not require frequent fertilization. A balanced fertilizer can be applied once or twice a year to enhance growth and flowering. Fertilizer application should be done during the growing season. Over-fertilization should be avoided as it can lead to the growth of weak and leggy stems.
Pruning
Commiphora mollis requires minimal pruning. Pruning can be done in the early spring to remove dead or diseased stems. To promote bushier growth, the plant can be pinched back by removing the tips of new growth. Extreme pruning should be avoided as it can damage the plant's health.
Propagation of Commiphora mollis (Oliv.) Engl.
Commiphora mollis (Oliv.) Engl., commonly known as the velvet corkwood tree, is a shrub or small tree found in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. The plant has several uses, including medicinal, aromatic, and cultural purposes. Propagation of Commiphora mollis can be done through several methods, including seeds, cuttings, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Propagation of Commiphora mollis is commonly done from seeds extracted from the dried fruits (capsules) of the tree. Seeds should be collected when they are mature and dry. The seeds can be directly sown into pots containing a soil mix of sand and peat moss, without pretreatment. The pots should be placed in shade and watered regularly. Germination of seeds can take from 1-3 months.
Cutting Propagation
Propagation of Commiphora mollis can also be done by stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the growing season, from late spring to early summer. The cuttings should be at least 30 cm long and 2 cm in diameter. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting, except for the topmost pair. The cutting should be planted in a pot containing a soil mix of sand and peat moss. Place the pot in a shaded area and keep the soil moist. The cutting should start producing roots in 2-3 months.
Grafting
Grafting is an effective propagation method for Commiphora mollis. Grafting can be done with seedling rootstocks or mature trees. The best time to carry out grafting is during the growing season. The scion should be collected from a mature tree and should be at least as thick as a pencil and 15-20 cm long. The rootstock should be about the same thickness as the scion. Make a 45-degree cut on both the scion and the rootstock, and join them smoothly. Secure the joint with grafting tape and keep the plant in shade until the graft heals. The plant can then be transplanted to a permanent location.
Common Diseases and Pests of Commiphora mollis
Commiphora mollis is a resilient plant that is relatively resistant to diseases and pests. However, there are a few notable diseases and pests that can affect the plant. Here are some of them:
Diseases
Root Rot: This is a common disease that is caused by overwatering or poor drainage. Overwatering causes the roots to become waterlogged and leads to rotting. Symptoms of root rot include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and wilting. To manage root rot, reduce watering and ensure that the plant is growing in well-draining soil.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular, brown spots to form on the leaves. The disease can be managed by removing affected leaves and ensuring that the foliage is dry during watering. Avoid overwatering or watering from above.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. The mites produce webs on the undersides of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to remove the webs and apply an insecticidal soap or oil spray.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the stems and leaves of the plant. They secrete a white, waxy substance that can cover the plant. Symptoms of a mealybug infestation include stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To manage mealybugs, remove affected plant parts and apply an insecticidal soap or oil spray.
Scale: Scale insects are small, immobile pests that suck sap from the plant. They produce a hard, protective shell that can make them difficult to manage. Symptoms of scale infestation include yellowing leaves and wilting. To manage scale, scrape the insects off the plant using a soft brush and apply an insecticidal soap or oil spray.
Regularly inspecting the plant and maintaining good health practices will largely protect Commiphora mollis from diseases and pests. Knowing the signs of common diseases and pests and how to manage them can help keep the plant healthy.
